miniCaloSim

Getting started

Materials

Below are some useful material choices. Not all information is provided, but can be found on the internet ;)

Scintillator materials:

• G4_POLYSTYRENE: a polymer of styrene with a density of 1.06 g/cm3 and a refractive index of 1.57.
• G4_PLASTIC_SC_VINYLTOLUENE: a plastic scintillator based on vinyltoluene with a density of 1.032 g/cm3 and a refractive index of 1.58.
• G4_BGO: bismuth germanate, an inorganic crystal scintillator with a density of 7.13 g/cm3 and a refractive index of 2.15.
• G4_LSO: lutetium oxyorthosilicate, an inorganic crystal scintillator with a density of 7.4 g/cm3 and a refractive index of 1.82.
• G4_LYSO: lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate, an inorganic crystal scintillator with a density of 7.1 g/cm3 and a refractive index of 1.81.
• G4_CESIUM_IODIDE: cesium iodide, an inorganic crystal scintillator with a density of 4.51 g/cm3 and a refractive index of 1.79.

Absorber materials

• G4_Pb: lead, a high-density and high-Z material that is commonly used as an absorber for electromagnetic calorimeters. It has a density of 11.35 g/cm3 and a radiation length of 0.56 cm.
• G4_Fe: iron, a medium-density and medium-Z material that is often used as an absorber for hadronic calorimeters. It has a density of 7.87 g/cm3 and an interaction length of 16.77 cm.
• G4_W: tungsten, a very high-density and very high-Z material that is suitable for compact and high-resolution electromagnetic calorimeters. It has a density of 19.3 g/cm3 and a radiation length of 0.35 cm.
• G4_Cu: copper, a high-density and high-Z material that is also used as an absorber for electromagnetic calorimeters. It has a density of 8.96 g/cm3 and a radiation length of 1.43 cm.
• G4_BRASS: It has a density of 8.53 g/cm3 and a composition of 70% copper and 30% zinc by mass. It has a radiation length of 1.46 cm and an interaction length of 16.95 cm.

For homogenous calorimeters

• G4_PbWO4: lead tungstate crystal (CMS ECAL). Lead tungstate has a very high density of 19.3 g/cm3 and a very short radiation length of 0.35 cm, which makes it suitable for compact and high-resolution electromagnetic calorimeters