Parameter Estimation:
Premise = choice of model (pick specific \( i \))
\( \Rightarrow \) What can we say about \( \boldsymbol{\alpha}_i \)?
Model comparison:
Premise = \( \{M_i\} \)
\( \Rightarrow \) What can we say about \( i \)?
Model adequacy:
Premise = \( M_1 \)
\( \Rightarrow \) Is \( M_1 \) adequate?
Hybrid Uncertainty:
Models share some common params: \( \boldsymbol{\alpha}_1 = \{ \boldsymbol{\varphi}, \boldsymbol{\eta}_i\} \)
\( \Rightarrow \) What can we say about \( \boldsymbol{\varphi} \)? (Systematic error is an example)