update
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@@ -350,16 +350,17 @@ $$
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<p>which gives us, using the orthogonality of the matrix \( \boldsymbol{V} \),</p>
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$$
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\tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\boldsymbol{U}\boldsymbol{U}^T\boldsymbol{y}=\sum_{i=0}^{p-1}\boldsymbol{u}_i\boldsymbol{u}^T_i\boldsymbol{y},
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\tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\sum_{i=0}^{p-1}\boldsymbol{u}_i\boldsymbol{u}^T_i\boldsymbol{y},
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$$
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<p>which is not the same as \( \tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\boldsymbol{U}\boldsymbol{U}^T\boldsymbol{y} \), which due to the orthogonality of \( \boldsymbol{U} \) would have given us that the model equals the output.</p>
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<p>It means that the ordinary least square model (with the optimal
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parameters) \( \boldsymbol{\tilde{y}} \), corresponds to an orthogonal
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transformation of the output (or target) vector \( \boldsymbol{y} \) by the
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vectors of the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \). <b>Note that the summation ends at</b>
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\( p-1 \), that is \( \boldsymbol{\tilde{y}}\ne \boldsymbol{y} \). We can thus not use the
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orthogonality relation for the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \). This can already be
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when we multiply the matrices \( \boldsymbol{\Sigma}^T\boldsymbol{U}^T \).
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orthogonality relation for the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \).
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</p>
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<p>
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@@ -2189,17 +2189,18 @@ $$
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<p> <br>
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$$
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\tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\boldsymbol{U}\boldsymbol{U}^T\boldsymbol{y}=\sum_{i=0}^{p-1}\boldsymbol{u}_i\boldsymbol{u}^T_i\boldsymbol{y},
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\tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\sum_{i=0}^{p-1}\boldsymbol{u}_i\boldsymbol{u}^T_i\boldsymbol{y},
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$$
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<p> <br>
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<p>which is not the same as \( \tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\boldsymbol{U}\boldsymbol{U}^T\boldsymbol{y} \), which due to the orthogonality of \( \boldsymbol{U} \) would have given us that the model equals the output.</p>
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<p>It means that the ordinary least square model (with the optimal
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parameters) \( \boldsymbol{\tilde{y}} \), corresponds to an orthogonal
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transformation of the output (or target) vector \( \boldsymbol{y} \) by the
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vectors of the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \). <b>Note that the summation ends at</b>
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\( p-1 \), that is \( \boldsymbol{\tilde{y}}\ne \boldsymbol{y} \). We can thus not use the
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orthogonality relation for the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \). This can already be
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when we multiply the matrices \( \boldsymbol{\Sigma}^T\boldsymbol{U}^T \).
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orthogonality relation for the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \).
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</p>
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</section>
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@@ -2062,16 +2062,17 @@ $$
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<p>which gives us, using the orthogonality of the matrix \( \boldsymbol{V} \),</p>
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$$
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\tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\boldsymbol{U}\boldsymbol{U}^T\boldsymbol{y}=\sum_{i=0}^{p-1}\boldsymbol{u}_i\boldsymbol{u}^T_i\boldsymbol{y},
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\tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\sum_{i=0}^{p-1}\boldsymbol{u}_i\boldsymbol{u}^T_i\boldsymbol{y},
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$$
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<p>which is not the same as \( \tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\boldsymbol{U}\boldsymbol{U}^T\boldsymbol{y} \), which due to the orthogonality of \( \boldsymbol{U} \) would have given us that the model equals the output.</p>
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<p>It means that the ordinary least square model (with the optimal
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parameters) \( \boldsymbol{\tilde{y}} \), corresponds to an orthogonal
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transformation of the output (or target) vector \( \boldsymbol{y} \) by the
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vectors of the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \). <b>Note that the summation ends at</b>
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\( p-1 \), that is \( \boldsymbol{\tilde{y}}\ne \boldsymbol{y} \). We can thus not use the
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orthogonality relation for the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \). This can already be
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when we multiply the matrices \( \boldsymbol{\Sigma}^T\boldsymbol{U}^T \).
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orthogonality relation for the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \).
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</p>
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<!-- !split --><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
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@@ -2139,16 +2139,17 @@ $$
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<p>which gives us, using the orthogonality of the matrix \( \boldsymbol{V} \),</p>
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$$
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\tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\boldsymbol{U}\boldsymbol{U}^T\boldsymbol{y}=\sum_{i=0}^{p-1}\boldsymbol{u}_i\boldsymbol{u}^T_i\boldsymbol{y},
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\tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\sum_{i=0}^{p-1}\boldsymbol{u}_i\boldsymbol{u}^T_i\boldsymbol{y},
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$$
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<p>which is not the same as \( \tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\boldsymbol{U}\boldsymbol{U}^T\boldsymbol{y} \), which due to the orthogonality of \( \boldsymbol{U} \) would have given us that the model equals the output.</p>
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<p>It means that the ordinary least square model (with the optimal
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parameters) \( \boldsymbol{\tilde{y}} \), corresponds to an orthogonal
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transformation of the output (or target) vector \( \boldsymbol{y} \) by the
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vectors of the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \). <b>Note that the summation ends at</b>
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\( p-1 \), that is \( \boldsymbol{\tilde{y}}\ne \boldsymbol{y} \). We can thus not use the
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orthogonality relation for the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \). This can already be
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when we multiply the matrices \( \boldsymbol{\Sigma}^T\boldsymbol{U}^T \).
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orthogonality relation for the matrix \( \boldsymbol{U} \).
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</p>
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<!-- !split --><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
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@@ -1630,17 +1630,17 @@ which gives us, using the orthogonality of the matrix $\bm{V}$,
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!bt
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\[
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\tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\bm{U}\bm{U}^T\bm{y}=\sum_{i=0}^{p-1}\bm{u}_i\bm{u}^T_i\bm{y},
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\tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\sum_{i=0}^{p-1}\bm{u}_i\bm{u}^T_i\bm{y},
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\]
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!et
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which is not the same as $\tilde{y}_{\mathrm{OLS}}=\bm{U}\bm{U}^T\bm{y}$, which due to the orthogonality of $\bm{U}$ would have given us that the model equals the output.
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It means that the ordinary least square model (with the optimal
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parameters) $\bm{\tilde{y}}$, corresponds to an orthogonal
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transformation of the output (or target) vector $\bm{y}$ by the
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vectors of the matrix $\bm{U}$. _Note that the summation ends at_
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$p-1$, that is $\bm{\tilde{y}}\ne \bm{y}$. We can thus not use the
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orthogonality relation for the matrix $\bm{U}$. This can already be
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when we multiply the matrices $\bm{\Sigma}^T\bm{U}^T$.
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orthogonality relation for the matrix $\bm{U}$.
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!split
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===== Further properties (important for our analyses later) =====
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