correcting typos
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@@ -670,14 +670,14 @@ Let us assume we have a data set with outputs/targets given by the vector
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<p> <br>
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$$
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\boldsymbol{y}=\begin{matrix}4 \\ 2 \\3\end{bmatrix},
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\boldsymbol{y}=\begin{bmatrix}4 \\ 2 \\3\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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<p> <br>
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and our inputs as a \( 3\times 2 \) design matrix
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<p> <br>
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$$
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\boldsymbol{X}=\begin{matrix}2 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0\end{bmatrix},
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\boldsymbol{X}=\begin{bmatrix}2 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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<p> <br>
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@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ Inserting the above values we obtain that
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<p> <br>
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$$
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{OLS}}=\begin{matrix}\frac{11}{5} \\ 2\end{bmatrix},
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{OLS}}=\begin{bmatrix}\frac{11}{5} \\ 2\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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<p> <br>
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@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ Inserting the above values we obtain that
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<p> <br>
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$$
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{Ridge}}=\begin{matrix}\frac{11}{5+\lambda} \\ \frac{2}{1+\lambda}\end{bmatrix},
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{Ridge}}=\begin{bmatrix}\frac{11}{5+\lambda} \\ \frac{2}{1+\lambda}\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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<p> <br>
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@@ -688,12 +688,12 @@ We will amongst other things show that the regularization parameter can reduce c
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Let us assume we have a data set with outputs/targets given by the vector
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$$
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\boldsymbol{y}=\begin{matrix}4 \\ 2 \\3\end{bmatrix},
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\boldsymbol{y}=\begin{bmatrix}4 \\ 2 \\3\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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and our inputs as a \( 3\times 2 \) design matrix
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$$
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\boldsymbol{X}=\begin{matrix}2 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0\end{bmatrix},
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\boldsymbol{X}=\begin{bmatrix}2 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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meaning that we have two features and two unknown parameters \( \beta_0 \) and \( \beta_1 \) to be determined either by ordinary least squares, Ridge or Lasso regression.
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@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ $$
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Inserting the above values we obtain that
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$$
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{OLS}}=\begin{matrix}\frac{11}{5} \\ 2\end{bmatrix},
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{OLS}}=\begin{bmatrix}\frac{11}{5} \\ 2\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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<p>
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@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ $$
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Inserting the above values we obtain that
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$$
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{Ridge}}=\begin{matrix}\frac{11}{5+\lambda} \\ \frac{2}{1+\lambda}\end{bmatrix},
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{Ridge}}=\begin{bmatrix}\frac{11}{5+\lambda} \\ \frac{2}{1+\lambda}\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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<p>
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@@ -693,12 +693,12 @@ We will amongst other things show that the regularization parameter can reduce c
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Let us assume we have a data set with outputs/targets given by the vector
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$$
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\boldsymbol{y}=\begin{matrix}4 \\ 2 \\3\end{bmatrix},
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\boldsymbol{y}=\begin{bmatrix}4 \\ 2 \\3\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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and our inputs as a \( 3\times 2 \) design matrix
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$$
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\boldsymbol{X}=\begin{matrix}2 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0\end{bmatrix},
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\boldsymbol{X}=\begin{bmatrix}2 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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meaning that we have two features and two unknown parameters \( \beta_0 \) and \( \beta_1 \) to be determined either by ordinary least squares, Ridge or Lasso regression.
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@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ $$
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Inserting the above values we obtain that
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$$
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{OLS}}=\begin{matrix}\frac{11}{5} \\ 2\end{bmatrix},
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{OLS}}=\begin{bmatrix}\frac{11}{5} \\ 2\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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<p>
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@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ $$
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Inserting the above values we obtain that
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$$
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{Ridge}}=\begin{matrix}\frac{11}{5+\lambda} \\ \frac{2}{1+\lambda}\end{bmatrix},
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\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}^{\mathrm{Ridge}}=\begin{bmatrix}\frac{11}{5+\lambda} \\ \frac{2}{1+\lambda}\end{bmatrix},
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$$
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<p>
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Binary file not shown.
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"$$\n",
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"\\boldsymbol{y}=\\begin{matrix}4 \\\\ 2 \\\\3\\end{bmatrix},\n",
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"\\boldsymbol{y}=\\begin{bmatrix}4 \\\\ 2 \\\\3\\end{bmatrix},\n",
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"$$"
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]
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},
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@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"$$\n",
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"\\boldsymbol{X}=\\begin{matrix}2 & 0\\\\ 0 & 1 \\\\ 1 & 0\\end{bmatrix},\n",
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"\\boldsymbol{X}=\\begin{bmatrix}2 & 0\\\\ 0 & 1 \\\\ 1 & 0\\end{bmatrix},\n",
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"$$"
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]
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},
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@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"$$\n",
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"\\hat{\\boldsymbol{\\beta}}^{\\mathrm{OLS}}=\\begin{matrix}\\frac{11}{5} \\\\ 2\\end{bmatrix},\n",
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"\\hat{\\boldsymbol{\\beta}}^{\\mathrm{OLS}}=\\begin{bmatrix}\\frac{11}{5} \\\\ 2\\end{bmatrix},\n",
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"$$"
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]
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},
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@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"$$\n",
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"\\hat{\\boldsymbol{\\beta}}^{\\mathrm{Ridge}}=\\begin{matrix}\\frac{11}{5+\\lambda} \\\\ \\frac{2}{1+\\lambda}\\end{bmatrix},\n",
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"\\hat{\\boldsymbol{\\beta}}^{\\mathrm{Ridge}}=\\begin{bmatrix}\\frac{11}{5+\\lambda} \\\\ \\frac{2}{1+\\lambda}\\end{bmatrix},\n",
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"$$"
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]
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},
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@@ -436,13 +436,13 @@ Let us assume we have a data set with outputs/targets given by the vector
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!bt
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\[
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\bm{y}=\begin{matrix}4 \\ 2 \\3\end{bmatrix},
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\bm{y}=\begin{bmatrix}4 \\ 2 \\3\end{bmatrix},
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\]
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!et
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and our inputs as a $3\times 2$ design matrix
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!bt
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\[
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\bm{X}=\begin{matrix}2 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0\end{bmatrix},
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\bm{X}=\begin{bmatrix}2 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0\end{bmatrix},
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\]
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!et
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meaning that we have two features and two unknown parameters $\beta_0$ and $\beta_1$ to be determined either by ordinary least squares, Ridge or Lasso regression.
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@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ Inserting the above values we obtain that
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!bt
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\[
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\hat{\bm{\beta}}^{\mathrm{OLS}}=\begin{matrix}\frac{11}{5} \\ 2\end{bmatrix},
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\hat{\bm{\beta}}^{\mathrm{OLS}}=\begin{bmatrix}\frac{11}{5} \\ 2\end{bmatrix},
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\]
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!et
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@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ Inserting the above values we obtain that
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!bt
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\[
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\hat{\bm{\beta}}^{\mathrm{Ridge}}=\begin{matrix}\frac{11}{5+\lambda} \\ \frac{2}{1+\lambda}\end{bmatrix},
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\hat{\bm{\beta}}^{\mathrm{Ridge}}=\begin{bmatrix}\frac{11}{5+\lambda} \\ \frac{2}{1+\lambda}\end{bmatrix},
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\]
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!et
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