update of intro with apple's credit card bias
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@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ end of tocinfo -->
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<center>[2] <b>Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University</b></center>
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<br>
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<p>
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<center><h4>Aug 13, 2019</h4></center> <!-- date -->
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<center><h4>Nov 19, 2019</h4></center> <!-- date -->
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<br>
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<h2 id="___sec0">Introduction </h2>
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@@ -387,19 +387,21 @@ the likelihood of surving a collision with our future citizens, is
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much higher.
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<p>
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This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we
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opt for such an option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such
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choices? Keep in mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in
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this series of lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on
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simple programming instructions. And you are very likely to be one of
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the people who may end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a
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sound ethical attitude to what we do, an approach well beyond the
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simple mechanistic one of making our science available and
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reproducible, is much needed. The example of the self-driving cars is
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just one of infinitely many cases where we have to make choices. When
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you analyze data on economic inequalities, who guarantees that you are
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not weighting some data in a particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a
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specific conclusion which may support your political views?
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This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we opt for such an
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option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such choices? Keep in
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mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in this series of
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lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on simple programming
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instructions. And you are very likely to be one of the people who may
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end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a sound ethical attitude
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to what we do, an approach well beyond the simple mechanistic one of
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making our science available and reproducible, is much needed. The
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example of the self-driving cars is just one of infinitely many cases
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where we have to make choices. When you analyze data on economic
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inequalities, who guarantees that you are not weighting some data in a
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particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a specific conclusion
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which may support your political views? Or what about the recent
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claims that a famous IT company like Apple has a sexist bias on the
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their recently <a href="https://qz.com/1748321/the-role-of-goldman-sachs-algorithms-in-the-apple-credit-card-scandal/" target="_blank">launched credit card</a>?
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<p>
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We do not have the answers here, nor will we venture into a deeper
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