update of intro with apple's credit card bias

doc/pub/Introduction/html/Introduction-bs.html

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ end of tocinfo -->
 <center>[2] <b>Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University</b></center>
 <br>
 <p>
-<center><h4>Aug 13, 2019</h4></center> <!-- date -->
+<center><h4>Nov 19, 2019</h4></center> <!-- date -->
 <br>
 <p>
 </div> <!-- end jumbotron -->
@@ -424,19 +424,21 @@ the likelihood of surving a collision with our future citizens, is
 much higher.
 
 <p>
-This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we
-opt for such an option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such
-choices? Keep in mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in
-this series of lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on
-simple programming instructions. And you are very likely to be one of
-the people who may end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a
-sound ethical attitude to what we do, an approach well beyond the
-simple mechanistic one of making our science available and
-reproducible, is much needed. The example of the self-driving cars is
-just one of infinitely many cases where we have to make choices. When
-you analyze data on economic inequalities, who guarantees that you are
-not weighting some data in a particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a
-specific conclusion which may support your political views?
+This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we opt for such an
+option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such choices? Keep in
+mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in this series of
+lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on simple programming
+instructions. And you are very likely to be one of the people who may
+end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a sound ethical attitude
+to what we do, an approach well beyond the simple mechanistic one of
+making our science available and reproducible, is much needed. The
+example of the self-driving cars is just one of infinitely many cases
+where we have to make choices. When you analyze data on economic
+inequalities, who guarantees that you are not weighting some data in a
+particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a specific conclusion
+which may support your political views? Or what about the recent
+claims that a famous IT company like Apple has a sexist bias on the
+their recently <a href="https://qz.com/1748321/the-role-of-goldman-sachs-algorithms-in-the-apple-credit-card-scandal/" target="_self">launched credit card</a>?
 
 <p>
 We do not have the answers here, nor will we venture into a deeper

doc/pub/Introduction/html/Introduction-reveal.html

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ td.padding {
 <center>[2] <b>Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University</b></center>
 <br>
 <p>&nbsp;<br>
-<center><h4>Aug 13, 2019</h4></center> <!-- date -->
+<center><h4>Nov 19, 2019</h4></center> <!-- date -->
 <br>
 
 <h2 id="___sec0">Introduction </h2>
@@ -457,19 +457,21 @@ the likelihood of surving a collision with our future citizens, is
 much higher.
 
 <p>
-This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we
-opt for such an option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such
-choices? Keep in mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in
-this series of lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on
-simple programming instructions. And you are very likely to be one of
-the people who may end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a
-sound ethical attitude to what we do, an approach well beyond the
-simple mechanistic one of making our science available and
-reproducible, is much needed. The example of the self-driving cars is
-just one of infinitely many cases where we have to make choices. When
-you analyze data on economic inequalities, who guarantees that you are
-not weighting some data in a particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a
-specific conclusion which may support your political views?
+This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we opt for such an
+option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such choices? Keep in
+mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in this series of
+lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on simple programming
+instructions. And you are very likely to be one of the people who may
+end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a sound ethical attitude
+to what we do, an approach well beyond the simple mechanistic one of
+making our science available and reproducible, is much needed. The
+example of the self-driving cars is just one of infinitely many cases
+where we have to make choices. When you analyze data on economic
+inequalities, who guarantees that you are not weighting some data in a
+particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a specific conclusion
+which may support your political views? Or what about the recent
+claims that a famous IT company like Apple has a sexist bias on the
+their recently <a href="https://qz.com/1748321/the-role-of-goldman-sachs-algorithms-in-the-apple-credit-card-scandal/" target="_blank">launched credit card</a>?
 
 <p>
 We do not have the answers here, nor will we venture into a deeper

doc/pub/Introduction/html/Introduction-solarized.html

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ end of tocinfo -->
 <center>[2] <b>Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University</b></center>
 <br>
 <p>
-<center><h4>Aug 13, 2019</h4></center> <!-- date -->
+<center><h4>Nov 19, 2019</h4></center> <!-- date -->
 <br>
 
 <h2 id="___sec0">Introduction </h2>
@@ -382,19 +382,21 @@ the likelihood of surving a collision with our future citizens, is
 much higher.
 
 <p>
-This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we
-opt for such an option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such
-choices? Keep in mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in
-this series of lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on
-simple programming instructions. And you are very likely to be one of
-the people who may end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a
-sound ethical attitude to what we do, an approach well beyond the
-simple mechanistic one of making our science available and
-reproducible, is much needed. The example of the self-driving cars is
-just one of infinitely many cases where we have to make choices. When
-you analyze data on economic inequalities, who guarantees that you are
-not weighting some data in a particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a
-specific conclusion which may support your political views?
+This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we opt for such an
+option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such choices? Keep in
+mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in this series of
+lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on simple programming
+instructions. And you are very likely to be one of the people who may
+end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a sound ethical attitude
+to what we do, an approach well beyond the simple mechanistic one of
+making our science available and reproducible, is much needed. The
+example of the self-driving cars is just one of infinitely many cases
+where we have to make choices. When you analyze data on economic
+inequalities, who guarantees that you are not weighting some data in a
+particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a specific conclusion
+which may support your political views? Or what about the recent
+claims that a famous IT company like Apple has a sexist bias on the
+their recently <a href="https://qz.com/1748321/the-role-of-goldman-sachs-algorithms-in-the-apple-credit-card-scandal/" target="_blank">launched credit card</a>?
 
 <p>
 We do not have the answers here, nor will we venture into a deeper

doc/pub/Introduction/html/Introduction.html

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ end of tocinfo -->
 <center>[2] <b>Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University</b></center>
 <br>
 <p>
-<center><h4>Aug 13, 2019</h4></center> <!-- date -->
+<center><h4>Nov 19, 2019</h4></center> <!-- date -->
 <br>
 
 <h2 id="___sec0">Introduction </h2>
@@ -387,19 +387,21 @@ the likelihood of surving a collision with our future citizens, is
 much higher.
 
 <p>
-This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we
-opt for such an option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such
-choices? Keep in mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in
-this series of lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on
-simple programming instructions. And you are very likely to be one of
-the people who may end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a
-sound ethical attitude to what we do, an approach well beyond the
-simple mechanistic one of making our science available and
-reproducible, is much needed. The example of the self-driving cars is
-just one of infinitely many cases where we have to make choices. When
-you analyze data on economic inequalities, who guarantees that you are
-not weighting some data in a particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a
-specific conclusion which may support your political views?
+This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we opt for such an
+option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such choices? Keep in
+mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in this series of
+lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on simple programming
+instructions. And you are very likely to be one of the people who may
+end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a sound ethical attitude
+to what we do, an approach well beyond the simple mechanistic one of
+making our science available and reproducible, is much needed. The
+example of the self-driving cars is just one of infinitely many cases
+where we have to make choices. When you analyze data on economic
+inequalities, who guarantees that you are not weighting some data in a
+particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a specific conclusion
+which may support your political views? Or what about the recent
+claims that a famous IT company like Apple has a sexist bias on the
+their recently <a href="https://qz.com/1748321/the-role-of-goldman-sachs-algorithms-in-the-apple-credit-card-scandal/" target="_blank">launched credit card</a>?
 
 <p>
 We do not have the answers here, nor will we venture into a deeper

doc/pub/Introduction/ipynb/Introduction.ipynb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     "<!-- Author: -->  \n",
     "**Morten Hjorth-Jensen**, Department of Physics, University of Oslo and Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University\n",
     "\n",
-    "Date: **Aug 13, 2019**\n",
+    "Date: **Nov 19, 2019**\n",
     "\n",
     "Copyright 1999-2019, Morten Hjorth-Jensen. Released under CC Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 license\n",
     "\n",
@@ -317,19 +317,21 @@
     "the likelihood of surving a collision with our future citizens, is\n",
     "much higher.\n",
     "\n",
-    "This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we\n",
-    "opt for such an option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such\n",
-    "choices? Keep in mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in\n",
-    "this series of lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on\n",
-    "simple programming instructions. And you are very likely to be one of\n",
-    "the people who may end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a\n",
-    "sound ethical attitude to what we do, an approach well beyond the\n",
-    "simple mechanistic one of making our science available and\n",
-    "reproducible, is much needed. The example of the self-driving cars is\n",
-    "just one of infinitely many cases where we have to make choices. When\n",
-    "you analyze data on economic inequalities, who guarantees that you are\n",
-    "not weighting some data in a particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a\n",
-    "specific conclusion which may support your political views?\n",
+    "This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we opt for such an\n",
+    "option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such choices? Keep in\n",
+    "mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in this series of\n",
+    "lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on simple programming\n",
+    "instructions. And you are very likely to be one of the people who may\n",
+    "end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a sound ethical attitude\n",
+    "to what we do, an approach well beyond the simple mechanistic one of\n",
+    "making our science available and reproducible, is much needed. The\n",
+    "example of the self-driving cars is just one of infinitely many cases\n",
+    "where we have to make choices. When you analyze data on economic\n",
+    "inequalities, who guarantees that you are not weighting some data in a\n",
+    "particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a specific conclusion\n",
+    "which may support your political views? Or what about the recent\n",
+    "claims that a famous IT company like Apple has a sexist bias on the\n",
+    "their recently [launched credit card](https://qz.com/1748321/the-role-of-goldman-sachs-algorithms-in-the-apple-credit-card-scandal/)?\n",
     "\n",
     "We do not have the answers here, nor will we venture into a deeper\n",
     "discussions of these aspects, but we want you think over these topics\n",

doc/src/Introduction/Introduction.do.txt

@@ -295,19 +295,21 @@ opt for the hitting the small folks instead of the monstertruck, since
 the likelihood of surving a collision with our future citizens, is
 much higher.
 
-This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we
-opt for such an option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such
-choices? Keep in mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in
-this series of lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on
-simple programming instructions. And you are very likely to be one of
-the people who may end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a
-sound ethical attitude to what we do, an approach well beyond the
-simple mechanistic one of making our science available and
-reproducible, is much needed. The example of the self-driving cars is
-just one of infinitely many cases where we have to make choices. When
-you analyze data on economic inequalities, who guarantees that you are
-not weighting some data in a particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a
-specific conclusion which may support your political views?
+This leads to serious ethical aspects. Why should we opt for such an
+option? Who decides and who is entitled to make such choices? Keep in
+mind that many of the algorithms you will encounter in this series of
+lectures or hear about later, are indeed based on simple programming
+instructions. And you are very likely to be one of the people who may
+end up writing such a code. Thus, developing a sound ethical attitude
+to what we do, an approach well beyond the simple mechanistic one of
+making our science available and reproducible, is much needed. The
+example of the self-driving cars is just one of infinitely many cases
+where we have to make choices. When you analyze data on economic
+inequalities, who guarantees that you are not weighting some data in a
+particular way, perhaps because you dearly want a specific conclusion
+which may support your political views? Or what about the recent
+claims that a famous IT company like Apple has a sexist bias on the
+their recently "launched credit card":"https://qz.com/1748321/the-role-of-goldman-sachs-algorithms-in-the-apple-credit-card-scandal/"?
 
 We do not have the answers here, nor will we venture into a deeper
 discussions of these aspects, but we want you think over these topics