chore: bump uv.lock and fix ruff 0.16 default-rule lint findings

uv.lock was stale (ty 0.0.50 -> 0.0.78, ruff 0.15 -> 0.16, polars, numpy,
typer, wandb, pytest, and others), all within existing pyproject.toml
bounds. ruff 0.16 widened its default rule selection, taking this repo
from 0 to 274 lint errors under the same config; --fix handled most of
it (import sorting, Optional[X] -> X | None, ...), and the remainder
(unused unpacked variables, dict()-as-literal, subprocess.run without
explicit check=, a couple of intentional broad excepts/naive datetimes)
were fixed or annotated by hand. Also fixes a real type-narrowing gap
ty 0.0.78 caught in test_config_consumed_keys.py's `or`-combined
isinstance check.

torch stays pinned to 2.3.x (deliberate, see CLAUDE.md); pyarrow's <25
ceiling is left as a separate decision.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01TMdZFqXXig7i3XkirSUxef

tests/test_render.py

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import pytest
 
 pytest.importorskip("plotstyle")
 
-from giant.analysis import render as render_mod  # noqa: E402
-from giant.analysis.reduced import Reduced  # noqa: E402
+from giant.analysis import render as render_mod
+from giant.analysis.reduced import Reduced
 
 
 def _try_render(reduced: list[Reduced], out: Path):