chore: bump uv.lock and fix ruff 0.16 default-rule lint findings

uv.lock was stale (ty 0.0.50 -> 0.0.78, ruff 0.15 -> 0.16, polars, numpy,
typer, wandb, pytest, and others), all within existing pyproject.toml
bounds. ruff 0.16 widened its default rule selection, taking this repo
from 0 to 274 lint errors under the same config; --fix handled most of
it (import sorting, Optional[X] -> X | None, ...), and the remainder
(unused unpacked variables, dict()-as-literal, subprocess.run without
explicit check=, a couple of intentional broad excepts/naive datetimes)
were fixed or annotated by hand. Also fixes a real type-narrowing gap
ty 0.0.78 caught in test_config_consumed_keys.py's `or`-combined
isinstance check.

torch stays pinned to 2.3.x (deliberate, see CLAUDE.md); pyarrow's <25
ceiling is left as a separate decision.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01TMdZFqXXig7i3XkirSUxef

tests/test_network.py

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ import copy
 
 import pytest
 import torch
+
 from giant import config as gconfig
-from giant.constants import CONT_SLOT_DIM, COND_DIM, PARTICLE_PHYS_DIM, SEC_SLOT_DIM
+from giant.constants import COND_DIM, CONT_SLOT_DIM, PARTICLE_PHYS_DIM, SEC_SLOT_DIM
 from giant.model.network import (
     HISTORY_REGISTRY,
     AttentionHistory,
@@ -1217,18 +1218,18 @@ def test_stage_classes_are_stagemodel_subclasses(cls):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("cls", [Stage1Model, Stage2OneShot, Stage2Autoregressive])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("generator", ["flow", "ddpm", "wgan"])
 def test_stagemodel_time_emb_matches_objective_needs_time(cls, generator):
-    kwargs = dict(
-        pdg_vocab=5,
-        mat_vocab=3,
-        particle_cfg=PARTICLE_CFG,
-        material_cfg=MATERIAL_CFG,
-        hidden_dim=_STAGE_HIDDEN_DIM,
-        n_res_blocks=_STAGE_N_BLOCKS,
-        cond_out_dim=_STAGE_COND_OUT_DIM,
-        generator=generator,
-        time_dim=8,
-        noise_dim=8,
-    )
+    kwargs = {
+        "pdg_vocab": 5,
+        "mat_vocab": 3,
+        "particle_cfg": PARTICLE_CFG,
+        "material_cfg": MATERIAL_CFG,
+        "hidden_dim": _STAGE_HIDDEN_DIM,
+        "n_res_blocks": _STAGE_N_BLOCKS,
+        "cond_out_dim": _STAGE_COND_OUT_DIM,
+        "generator": generator,
+        "time_dim": 8,
+        "noise_dim": 8,
+    }
     if cls is Stage1Model:
         kwargs["n_sec_head_k_max"] = 15
     else: