chore: bump uv.lock and fix ruff 0.16 default-rule lint findings

uv.lock was stale (ty 0.0.50 -> 0.0.78, ruff 0.15 -> 0.16, polars, numpy,
typer, wandb, pytest, and others), all within existing pyproject.toml
bounds. ruff 0.16 widened its default rule selection, taking this repo
from 0 to 274 lint errors under the same config; --fix handled most of
it (import sorting, Optional[X] -> X | None, ...), and the remainder
(unused unpacked variables, dict()-as-literal, subprocess.run without
explicit check=, a couple of intentional broad excepts/naive datetimes)
were fixed or annotated by hand. Also fixes a real type-narrowing gap
ty 0.0.78 caught in test_config_consumed_keys.py's `or`-combined
isinstance check.

torch stays pinned to 2.3.x (deliberate, see CLAUDE.md); pyarrow's <25
ceiling is left as a separate decision.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01TMdZFqXXig7i3XkirSUxef

tests/test_cond_layout.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import pytest
+
 from giant.cond_layout import AXIS_TYPES, CondLayout
 from giant.constants import COND_DIM, COND_DIM_BASE, MATERIAL_PHYS_DIM, PARTICLE_PHYS_DIM