Clamp analysis histogram bins before the i32 cast, not after (gitea #61)

_bin_expr in giant/analysis/reduce.py clipped the bin index to
[0, nbins-1] only after casting it to Int32, so the clip never got a
chance to run: a rollout step_length of 1.0725e10 mm against fixed
edges [2.9e-5, 94.04] with 50 bins produces a raw index of ~5.7e9,
which overflows i32 and fails the strict cast, killing the whole
compute-one job. Same failure mode for +/-inf.

Clamp in f64 first, then cast to Int32. NaN has no edge to clamp to,
so it maps to null and is dropped in the two callers (hist1d,
profile_partial) — matching what np.histogram does with NaN, and what
profile_partial needs anyway since a null bin index would break its
np.add.at.

This reimplements commit 313373c, which fixed the same bug but landed
on a branch (fix/rollout-negative-secondary-mass) that forked off a
stale master and was never merged; reduce.py has since diverged enough
that the original diff no longer applies cleanly.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

tests/test_analysis_reduce.py

@@ -102,6 +102,31 @@ def test_hist1d_overall_and_grouped():
     assert hg[11].sum() == 4
 
 
+def test_hist1d_clamps_extreme_values_and_drops_nan():
+    # A rollout can emit a wildly out-of-range step_length (or an inf/NaN); the
+    # fixed-edge binning must clamp rather than overflow the i32 bin cast.
+    lf = pl.DataFrame({"x": [5.0, 1.0725e10, float("inf"), -float("inf"), float("nan"), None]}).lazy()
+    edges = np.linspace(0.0, 50.0, 6)  # width 10
+    h = R.hist1d(lf, pl.col("x"), edges)
+    # 5 -> bin 0; 1e10 and +inf -> top bin; -inf -> bin 0; NaN/null dropped
+    assert h[0].tolist() == [2, 0, 0, 0, 2]
+
+
+def test_profile_partial_clamps_extreme_values_and_drops_nan():
+    lf = pl.DataFrame(
+        {
+            "event_id": [1, 1, 1, 1],
+            "z": [5.0, 1.0725e10, float("nan"), 45.0],
+            "w": [1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0],
+        }
+    ).lazy()
+    edges = np.linspace(0.0, 50.0, 6)
+    ev, mat = R.profile_partial(lf, pl.col("z"), edges, pl.col("w"))
+    assert ev.tolist() == [1]
+    # 1e10 clamps into the top bin alongside 45; the NaN row's weight is dropped
+    assert mat[0].tolist() == [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 10.0]
+
+
 def test_physical_steps_drops_synthetic_rollout_rows_only():
     lf = _rollout_frame()
     phys = physical_steps(lf, Side.rollout).collect()