Gabriele Cosmo
219 lines
7.4 KiB
Plaintext
219 lines
7.4 KiB
Plaintext
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Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
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=========================================================
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HADR02
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Example and DMJET: V.Ivanchenko, A.Ivanchenko,
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UrQMD: Kh Abdel-Waged et al, A. Dotti
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CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
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Geant4 Associate International
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University of Bordeaux, CENBG/IN2P3/CNRS
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(ESA contract 22712/09/NL/AT)
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This example application is providing simulation of ion beam interaction with different
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targets. Hadronic aspects of beam target interaction are demonstrated in the example
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including longitudinal profile of energy deposition, spectra of secondary particles,
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isotope production spectra. The results are presenting in a form of average numbers
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and histograms. All ion/ion models of Geant4 are available and also the interface to
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the FORTRAN code DPMJET-2.5 developed by J.Ranft for FLUKA. The interface was developed
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by P.Truscott (QinetiQ, UK) under European Space Agency (ESA) contract 19770/06/NL/JD.
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In addition an interface to the FORTRAN code UrQMD-1.3rc developed by Kh, Abdel-Waged et al
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for the KACST/NCMP. UrQMD model by S.A.Bass et al. Prog.Part.Nucl.Phys. 41 (1998) 225
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and M.Bleicher et al. J.Phys. G25 (1999) 1859.
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UrQMD can be used only for ion-ion physics or for all hadronic inelastic interactions.
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INSTALLATION
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For simulation with Geant4 native models installation procedure is the same as for
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other examples.
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ACTIVATION OF DPMJET INTERFACE
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In order to use DPMJET additional installation steps are required.
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It is recommended to use DPMJET with SLC5 64 bit PC with gcc4.3.2 or newer compiler.
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Two environment variables should be defined:
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G4DPMJET2_5DATA - path to Glauber data
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CERNLIB - path to cernlib library
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G4_USE_DPMJET - flag of DPMJET activation
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To run the example with DPMJET:
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Hadr02 dpmjet.in QGSP_BIC
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The last parameter is optional. It is the name of Geant4 reference Physics List on
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top of which a new ion physics is added. Alternatively Physics List can be defined via
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environment variable
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setenv PHYSLIST QGSP_BIC
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ACTIVATION OF URQMD INTERFACE
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UrQMD 1.3 FORTRAN code is NOT provided with Geant4 code-base.
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You can get UrQMD code from UrQMD code website: http://urqmd.org
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The Geant4 interface has been developed and tested against urqmd-1.3cr
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Once the tarball urqmd-1.3cr.tar.gz has been downloaded copy it in the
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urqmd1_3 directory of this example.
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To compile support for UrQMD interface in the example define the environment
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variable G4_USE_URQMD. i.e. by typing:
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setenv G4_USE_URQMD 1
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Two possible uses of UrQMD interface are possible: use UrQMD code only for
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ion-ion interactions or use the provided UrQMD physics list (all hadron inelastic interactions
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use UrQMD).
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To run the example with UrQMD only for ion-ion physics:
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Hadr02 urqmd.in QGSP_BIC
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The last parameter is optional. It is the name of Geant4 reference Physics List on
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top of which a new ion physics is added. Alternatively Physics List can be defined via
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environment variable
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setenv PHYSLIST QGSP_BIC
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To run the examplw with the full UrQMD physics:
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Hadr02 default.in UrQMD
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or:
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setenv PHYSLIST UrQMD
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Hadr02 default.in
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UrQMD physics list can be used in any application, releavant headers and source files (*UrQDM*)
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should be copied in your application source tree, together with the urqmd1_3 sub-directory.
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Your application makefile should also be modified following the example of the makefile for this
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example.
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GEOMETRY
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The Target volume is a cylinder placed inside Check cylindrical volume. The
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Check volume is placed inside the World volume. The radius and the length of
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the Check volume are 1 mm larger than the radius and the length of the Target.
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The material of the Check volume is the same as the World material. The World
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volume has the sizes 10 mm larger than that of the Target volume. Any material
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from the Geant4 database can be defined. The default World material is
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G4Galactic and the default Target material is aluminum. The Target is
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subdivided on number of equal slices. Following UI commands are available to
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modify the geometry:
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/testhadr/TargetMat G4_Pb
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/testhadr/WorldMat G4_AIR
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/testhadr/TargetRadius 10 mm
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/testhadr/TargetLength 20 cm
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/testhadr/NumberDivZ 200
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Beam direction coincides with the target axis and is Z axis in the global
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coordinate system. G4ParticleGun is used as a primary generator. The energy
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and the type of the beam can be defined via standard UI commands
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/gun/energy 150 GeV
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/gun/particle ion
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/gun/ion 6 12
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Default beam position is -(targetHalfLength + 5*mm) and direction along Z axis.
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Beam position and direction can be changed by gun UI commands:
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/gun/position 1 10 3 mm
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/gun/direction 1 0 0
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however, position command is active only if before it the flag is set
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/testhadr/DefaultBeamPosition false
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SCORING
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The scoring is performed with the help of UserStackingAction class and two
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sensitive detector classes: one associated with a target slice, another with
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the Check volume. Each secondary particle is scored by the StackingAction. In
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the StackingAction it is also possible to kill all or only EM (e+, e-, gamma)
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secondary particles
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/testhadr/killAll
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/testhadr/KillEM
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To control running the following options are available:
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/testhadr/PrintModulo 10
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PHYSICS
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PhysicsList of the application uses components, which are distributed with
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Geant4 in /geant4/physics_lists subdirectory.
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Reference Physics Lists are used and the environment variable PHYSLIST should
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be defined.
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Additionally it is possible to add ion-ion interactions using UI command
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/testhadr/ionPhysics DPMJET
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/testhadr/ionPhysics FTF
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VISUALIZATION
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For interactive mode G4 visualization options and variables should be
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defined, then the example should be recompiled:
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gmake visclean
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gmake
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The vis.mac file can be used an example of visualization. The following command can
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be used:
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/testhadr/DrawTracks charged
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/testhadr/DrawTracks charged+n
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/testhadr/DrawTracks neutral
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/testhadr/DrawTracks all
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HISTOGRAMS
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To use histograms any of implementations of AIDA interfaces should
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be available (see http://aida.freehep.org).
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A package including AIDA and extended interfaces also using Python
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is PI, available from: http://cern.ch/pi .
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Once installed PI or PI-Lite in a specified local area $PI_DIR, it is
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required to add the installation path to $PATH, i.e. for example,
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for release 1.2.1 of PI:
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setenv PATH ${PATH}:$PI_DIR/1.3.12/app/releases/PI/PI_1_3_12/slc3_gcc323/bin
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CERN users can use the PATH to the LCG area on AFS.
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Before compilation of the example it is optimal to clean up old
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files:
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gmake histclean
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setenv G4ANALYSIS_USE 1
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gmake
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Before running the example the command should be issued:
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eval `aida-config --runtime csh`
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It is possible to choose the format of the output file with
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histograms using UI command:
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/testhadr/HistoName name
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/testhadr/HistoType type
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The following types are available: hbook, root, aida. They will be
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stored in the file "name.hbook", "name.root", or "name.aida".
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If the environment variable HISTODIR is defined, files are stored in this
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subdirectory.
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To show the content of a histogram ID=i the commands may be applied:
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/testhadr/HistoPrint i
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All histograms are normalized to the number of events.
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