Gabriele Cosmo
803 lines
31 KiB
C++
803 lines
31 KiB
C++
//
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// ********************************************************************
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// * License and Disclaimer *
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// * *
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// * The Geant4 software is copyright of the Copyright Holders of *
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// * the Geant4 Collaboration. It is provided under the terms and *
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// * conditions of the Geant4 Software License, included in the file *
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// * LICENSE and available at http://cern.ch/geant4/license . These *
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// * include a list of copyright holders. *
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// * *
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// * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing *
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// * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this *
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// * work make any representation or warranty, express or implied, *
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// * regarding this software system or assume any liability for its *
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// * use. Please see the license in the file LICENSE and URL above *
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// * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability. *
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// * *
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// * This code implementation is the result of the scientific and *
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// * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration. *
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// * By using, copying, modifying or distributing the software (or *
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// * any work based on the software) you agree to acknowledge its *
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// * use in resulting scientific publications, and indicate your *
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// * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license. *
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// ********************************************************************
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//
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//
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// -------------------------------------------------------------------
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//
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// GEANT4 Class file
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//
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//
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// File name: G4BraggModel
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//
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// Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko
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//
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// Creation date: 03.01.2002
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//
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// Modifications:
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//
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// 04-12-02 Fix problem of G4DynamicParticle constructor (V.Ivanchenko)
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// 23-12-02 Change interface in order to move to cut per region (V.Ivanchenko)
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// 27-01-03 Make models region aware (V.Ivanchenko)
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// 13-02-03 Add name (V.Ivanchenko)
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// 04-06-03 Fix compilation warnings (V.Ivanchenko)
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// 12-09-04 Add lowestKinEnergy and change order of if in DEDX method (VI)
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// 11-04-05 Major optimisation of internal interfaces (V.Ivantchenko)
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// 16-06-05 Fix problem of chemical formula (V.Ivantchenko)
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// 15-02-06 ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron, ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom (mma)
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// 25-04-06 Add stopping data from PSTAR (V.Ivanchenko)
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// 12-08-08 Added methods GetParticleCharge, GetChargeSquareRatio,
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// CorrectionsAlongStep needed for ions(V.Ivanchenko)
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// Class Description:
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//
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// Implementation of energy loss and delta-electron production by
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// slow charged heavy particles
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// -------------------------------------------------------------------
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//
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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#include "G4BraggModel.hh"
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#include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
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#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
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#include "Randomize.hh"
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#include "G4Electron.hh"
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#include "G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh"
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#include "G4LossTableManager.hh"
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#include "G4EmCorrections.hh"
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#include "G4EmParameters.hh"
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#include "G4DeltaAngle.hh"
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#include "G4ICRU90StoppingData.hh"
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#include "G4NistManager.hh"
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#include "G4Log.hh"
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#include "G4Exp.hh"
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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G4PSTARStopping* G4BraggModel::fPSTAR = nullptr;
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G4BraggModel::G4BraggModel(const G4ParticleDefinition* p, const G4String& nam)
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: G4VEmModel(nam),
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protonMassAMU(1.007276)
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{
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SetHighEnergyLimit(2.0*CLHEP::MeV);
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lowestKinEnergy = 0.25*CLHEP::keV;
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theZieglerFactor = CLHEP::eV*CLHEP::cm2*1.0e-15;
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theElectron = G4Electron::Electron();
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expStopPower125 = 0.0;
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corr = G4LossTableManager::Instance()->EmCorrections();
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if(nullptr != p) { SetParticle(p); }
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else { SetParticle(theElectron); }
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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G4BraggModel::~G4BraggModel()
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{
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if(IsMaster()) {
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delete fPSTAR;
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fPSTAR = nullptr;
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}
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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void G4BraggModel::Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
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const G4DataVector&)
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{
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if(p != particle) { SetParticle(p); }
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// always false before the run
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SetDeexcitationFlag(false);
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if(IsMaster()) {
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if(nullptr == fPSTAR) { fPSTAR = new G4PSTARStopping(); }
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if(particle->GetPDGMass() < CLHEP::GeV) { fPSTAR->Initialise(); }
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if(G4EmParameters::Instance()->UseICRU90Data()) {
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if(!fICRU90) {
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fICRU90 = G4NistManager::Instance()->GetICRU90StoppingData();
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} else if(particle->GetPDGMass() < CLHEP::GeV) { fICRU90->Initialise(); }
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}
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}
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if(nullptr == fParticleChange) {
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if(UseAngularGeneratorFlag() && !GetAngularDistribution()) {
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SetAngularDistribution(new G4DeltaAngle());
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}
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G4String pname = particle->GetParticleName();
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if(particle->GetParticleType() == "nucleus" &&
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pname != "deuteron" && pname != "triton" &&
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pname != "alpha+" && pname != "helium" &&
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pname != "hydrogen") { isIon = true; }
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fParticleChange = GetParticleChangeForLoss();
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}
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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G4double G4BraggModel::GetChargeSquareRatio(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
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const G4Material* mat,
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G4double kineticEnergy)
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{
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// this method is called only for ions
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G4double q2 = corr->EffectiveChargeSquareRatio(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
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GetModelOfFluctuations()->SetParticleAndCharge(p, q2);
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return q2*corr->EffectiveChargeCorrection(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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G4double G4BraggModel::MinEnergyCut(const G4ParticleDefinition*,
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const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple)
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{
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return couple->GetMaterial()->GetIonisation()->GetMeanExcitationEnergy();
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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G4double G4BraggModel::GetParticleCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
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const G4Material* mat,
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G4double kineticEnergy)
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{
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// this method is called only for ions, so no check if it is an ion
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return corr->GetParticleCharge(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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G4double G4BraggModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(
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const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
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G4double kineticEnergy,
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G4double cut,
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G4double maxKinEnergy)
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{
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G4double cross = 0.0;
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const G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy);
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const G4double maxEnergy = std::min(tmax, maxKinEnergy);
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const G4double cutEnergy = std::max(cut, lowestKinEnergy*massRate);
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if(cutEnergy < maxEnergy) {
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const G4double energy = kineticEnergy + mass;
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const G4double energy2 = energy*energy;
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const G4double beta2 = kineticEnergy*(kineticEnergy + 2.0*mass)/energy2;
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cross = (maxEnergy - cutEnergy)/(cutEnergy*maxEnergy)
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- beta2*G4Log(maxEnergy/cutEnergy)/tmax;
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if( 0.0 < spin ) { cross += 0.5*(maxEnergy - cutEnergy)/energy2; }
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cross *= CLHEP::twopi_mc2_rcl2*chargeSquare/beta2;
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}
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// G4cout << "BR: e= " << kineticEnergy << " tmin= " << cutEnergy
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// << " tmax= " << tmax << " cross= " << cross << G4endl;
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return cross;
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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G4double
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G4BraggModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
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G4double kineticEnergy,
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G4double Z, G4double,
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G4double cutEnergy,
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G4double maxEnergy)
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{
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return
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Z*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(p,kineticEnergy,cutEnergy,maxEnergy);
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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G4double G4BraggModel::CrossSectionPerVolume(const G4Material* material,
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const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
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G4double kineticEnergy,
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G4double cutEnergy,
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G4double maxEnergy)
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{
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return material->GetElectronDensity()
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*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(p,kineticEnergy,cutEnergy,maxEnergy);
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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G4double G4BraggModel::ComputeDEDXPerVolume(const G4Material* material,
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const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
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G4double kineticEnergy,
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G4double cut)
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{
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const G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy);
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const G4double tkin = kineticEnergy/massRate;
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const G4double cutEnergy = std::max(cut, lowestKinEnergy*massRate);
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G4double dedx = 0.0;
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if(tkin < lowestKinEnergy) {
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dedx = DEDX(material, lowestKinEnergy)*std::sqrt(tkin/lowestKinEnergy);
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} else {
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dedx = DEDX(material, tkin);
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if (cutEnergy < tmax) {
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const G4double tau = kineticEnergy/mass;
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const G4double x = cutEnergy/tmax;
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dedx += (G4Log(x)*(tau + 1.)*(tau + 1.)/(tau * (tau + 2.0)) + 1.0 - x) *
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CLHEP::twopi_mc2_rcl2 * material->GetElectronDensity();
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}
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}
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dedx = std::max(dedx, 0.0) * chargeSquare;
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//G4cout << "E(MeV)= " << tkin/MeV << " dedx= " << dedx
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// << " " << material->GetName() << G4endl;
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return dedx;
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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void G4BraggModel::SampleSecondaries(std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* vdp,
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const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple,
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const G4DynamicParticle* dp,
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G4double minEnergy,
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G4double maxEnergy)
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{
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const G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryKinEnergy(dp);
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const G4double xmax = std::min(tmax, maxEnergy);
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const G4double xmin = std::max(lowestKinEnergy*massRate, minEnergy);
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if(xmin >= xmax) { return; }
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G4double kineticEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy();
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const G4double energy = kineticEnergy + mass;
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const G4double energy2 = energy*energy;
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const G4double beta2 = kineticEnergy*(kineticEnergy + 2.0*mass)/energy2;
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const G4double grej = 1.0;
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G4double deltaKinEnergy, f;
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CLHEP::HepRandomEngine* rndmEngineMod = G4Random::getTheEngine();
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G4double rndm[2];
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// sampling follows ...
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do {
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rndmEngineMod->flatArray(2, rndm);
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deltaKinEnergy = xmin*xmax/(xmin*(1.0 - rndm[0]) + xmax*rndm[0]);
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f = 1.0 - beta2*deltaKinEnergy/tmax;
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if(f > grej) {
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G4cout << "G4BraggModel::SampleSecondary Warning! "
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<< "Majorant " << grej << " < "
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<< f << " for e= " << deltaKinEnergy
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<< G4endl;
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}
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// Loop checking, 03-Aug-2015, Vladimir Ivanchenko
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} while( grej*rndm[1] >= f );
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G4ThreeVector deltaDirection;
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if(UseAngularGeneratorFlag()) {
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const G4Material* mat = couple->GetMaterial();
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G4int Z = SelectRandomAtomNumber(mat);
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deltaDirection =
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GetAngularDistribution()->SampleDirection(dp, deltaKinEnergy, Z, mat);
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} else {
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G4double deltaMomentum =
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std::sqrt(deltaKinEnergy * (deltaKinEnergy + 2.0*electron_mass_c2));
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G4double cost = deltaKinEnergy * (energy + electron_mass_c2) /
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(deltaMomentum * dp->GetTotalMomentum());
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if(cost > 1.0) { cost = 1.0; }
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G4double sint = std::sqrt((1.0 - cost)*(1.0 + cost));
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G4double phi = twopi*rndmEngineMod->flat();
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deltaDirection.set(sint*std::cos(phi),sint*std::sin(phi), cost) ;
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deltaDirection.rotateUz(dp->GetMomentumDirection());
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}
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// create G4DynamicParticle object for delta ray
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G4DynamicParticle* delta =
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new G4DynamicParticle(theElectron,deltaDirection,deltaKinEnergy);
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// Change kinematics of primary particle
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kineticEnergy -= deltaKinEnergy;
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G4ThreeVector finalP = dp->GetMomentum() - delta->GetMomentum();
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finalP = finalP.unit();
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fParticleChange->SetProposedKineticEnergy(kineticEnergy);
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fParticleChange->SetProposedMomentumDirection(finalP);
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vdp->push_back(delta);
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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G4double G4BraggModel::MaxSecondaryEnergy(const G4ParticleDefinition* pd,
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G4double kinEnergy)
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{
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if(pd != particle) { SetParticle(pd); }
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G4double tau = kinEnergy/mass;
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G4double tmax = 2.0*electron_mass_c2*tau*(tau + 2.) /
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(1. + 2.0*(tau + 1.)*ratio + ratio*ratio);
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return tmax;
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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void G4BraggModel::HasMaterial(const G4Material* mat)
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{
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const G4String& chFormula = mat->GetChemicalFormula();
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if(chFormula.empty()) { return; }
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// ICRU Report N49, 1993. Power's model for H
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static const size_t numberOfMolecula = 11;
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static const G4String molName[numberOfMolecula] = {
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"Al_2O_3", "CO_2", "CH_4",
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"(C_2H_4)_N-Polyethylene", "(C_2H_4)_N-Polypropylene", "(C_8H_8)_N",
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"C_3H_8", "SiO_2", "H_2O",
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"H_2O-Gas", "Graphite" } ;
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// Search for the material in the table
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for (size_t i=0; i<numberOfMolecula; ++i) {
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if (chFormula == molName[i]) {
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iMolecula = i;
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return;
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}
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}
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return;
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}
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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
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G4double G4BraggModel::StoppingPower(const G4Material* material,
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G4double kineticEnergy)
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{
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G4double ionloss = 0.0 ;
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if (iMolecula >= 0) {
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// The data and the fit from:
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// ICRU Report N49, 1993. Ziegler's model for protons.
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// Proton kinetic energy for parametrisation (keV/amu)
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G4double T = kineticEnergy/(keV*protonMassAMU) ;
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static const G4float a[11][5] = {
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{1.187E+1f, 1.343E+1f, 1.069E+4f, 7.723E+2f, 2.153E-2f},
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{7.802E+0f, 8.814E+0f, 8.303E+3f, 7.446E+2f, 7.966E-3f},
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{7.294E+0f, 8.284E+0f, 5.010E+3f, 4.544E+2f, 8.153E-3f},
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{8.646E+0f, 9.800E+0f, 7.066E+3f, 4.581E+2f, 9.383E-3f},
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{1.286E+1f, 1.462E+1f, 5.625E+3f, 2.621E+3f, 3.512E-2f},
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{3.229E+1f, 3.696E+1f, 8.918E+3f, 3.244E+3f, 1.273E-1f},
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{1.604E+1f, 1.825E+1f, 6.967E+3f, 2.307E+3f, 3.775E-2f},
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{8.049E+0f, 9.099E+0f, 9.257E+3f, 3.846E+2f, 1.007E-2f},
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{4.015E+0f, 4.542E+0f, 3.955E+3f, 4.847E+2f, 7.904E-3f},
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{4.571E+0f, 5.173E+0f, 4.346E+3f, 4.779E+2f, 8.572E-3f},
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{2.631E+0f, 2.601E+0f, 1.701E+3f, 1.279E+3f, 1.638E-2f} };
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static const G4float atomicWeight[11] = {
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101.96128f, 44.0098f, 16.0426f, 28.0536f, 42.0804f,
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104.1512f, 44.665f, 60.0843f, 18.0152f, 18.0152f, 12.0f};
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if ( T < 10.0 ) {
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ionloss = ((G4double)(a[iMolecula][0])) * std::sqrt(T) ;
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} else if ( T < 10000.0 ) {
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G4double x1 = (G4double)(a[iMolecula][1]);
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G4double x2 = (G4double)(a[iMolecula][2]);
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G4double x3 = (G4double)(a[iMolecula][3]);
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G4double x4 = (G4double)(a[iMolecula][4]);
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G4double slow = x1 * G4Exp(G4Log(T)* 0.45);
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G4double shigh = G4Log( 1.0 + x3/T + x4*T ) * x2/T;
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ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
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}
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ionloss = std::max(ionloss, 0.0);
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if ( 10 == iMolecula ) {
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static const G4double invLog10 = 1.0/G4Log(10.);
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if (T < 100.0) {
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ionloss *= (1.0+0.023+0.0066*G4Log(T)*invLog10);
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}
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else if (T < 700.0) {
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ionloss *=(1.0+0.089-0.0248*G4Log(T-99.)*invLog10);
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}
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else if (T < 10000.0) {
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ionloss *=(1.0+0.089-0.0248*G4Log(700.-99.)*invLog10);
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}
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}
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ionloss /= (G4double)atomicWeight[iMolecula];
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// pure material (normally not the case for this function)
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} else if(1 == (material->GetNumberOfElements())) {
|
|
G4double z = material->GetZ() ;
|
|
ionloss = ElectronicStoppingPower( z, kineticEnergy ) ;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return ionloss;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
|
|
|
|
G4double G4BraggModel::ElectronicStoppingPower(G4double z,
|
|
G4double kineticEnergy) const
|
|
{
|
|
G4double ionloss ;
|
|
G4int i = std::min(std::max(G4lrint(z)-1,0),91); // index of atom
|
|
|
|
// The data and the fit from:
|
|
// ICRU Report 49, 1993. Ziegler's type of parametrisations.
|
|
// Proton kinetic energy for parametrisation (keV/amu)
|
|
|
|
G4double T = kineticEnergy/(keV*protonMassAMU) ;
|
|
|
|
static const G4float a[92][5] = {
|
|
{1.254E+0f, 1.440E+0f, 2.426E+2f, 1.200E+4f, 1.159E-1f},
|
|
{1.229E+0f, 1.397E+0f, 4.845E+2f, 5.873E+3f, 5.225E-2f},
|
|
{1.411E+0f, 1.600E+0f, 7.256E+2f, 3.013E+3f, 4.578E-2f},
|
|
{2.248E+0f, 2.590E+0f, 9.660E+2f, 1.538E+2f, 3.475E-2f},
|
|
{2.474E+0f, 2.815E+0f, 1.206E+3f, 1.060E+3f, 2.855E-2f},
|
|
{2.631E+0f, 2.601E+0f, 1.701E+3f, 1.279E+3f, 1.638E-2f},
|
|
{2.954E+0f, 3.350E+0f, 1.683E+3f, 1.900E+3f, 2.513E-2f},
|
|
{2.652E+0f, 3.000E+0f, 1.920E+3f, 2.000E+3f, 2.230E-2f},
|
|
{2.085E+0f, 2.352E+0f, 2.157E+3f, 2.634E+3f, 1.816E-2f},
|
|
{1.951E+0f, 2.199E+0f, 2.393E+3f, 2.699E+3f, 1.568E-2f},
|
|
// Z= 11-20
|
|
{2.542E+0f, 2.869E+0f, 2.628E+3f, 1.854E+3f, 1.472E-2f},
|
|
{3.791E+0f, 4.293E+0f, 2.862E+3f, 1.009E+3f, 1.397E-2f},
|
|
{4.154E+0f, 4.739E+0f, 2.766E+3f, 1.645E+2f, 2.023E-2f},
|
|
{4.914E+0f, 5.598E+0f, 3.193E+3f, 2.327E+2f, 1.419E-2f},
|
|
{3.232E+0f, 3.647E+0f, 3.561E+3f, 1.560E+3f, 1.267E-2f},
|
|
{3.447E+0f, 3.891E+0f, 3.792E+3f, 1.219E+3f, 1.211E-2f},
|
|
{5.301E+0f, 6.008E+0f, 3.969E+3f, 6.451E+2f, 1.183E-2f},
|
|
{5.731E+0f, 6.500E+0f, 4.253E+3f, 5.300E+2f, 1.123E-2f},
|
|
{5.152E+0f, 5.833E+0f, 4.482E+3f, 5.457E+2f, 1.129E-2f},
|
|
{5.521E+0f, 6.252E+0f, 4.710E+3f, 5.533E+2f, 1.112E-2f},
|
|
// Z= 21-30
|
|
{5.201E+0f, 5.884E+0f, 4.938E+3f, 5.609E+2f, 9.995E-3f},
|
|
{4.858E+0f, 5.489E+0f, 5.260E+3f, 6.511E+2f, 8.930E-3f},
|
|
{4.479E+0f, 5.055E+0f, 5.391E+3f, 9.523E+2f, 9.117E-3f},
|
|
{3.983E+0f, 4.489E+0f, 5.616E+3f, 1.336E+3f, 8.413E-3f},
|
|
{3.469E+0f, 3.907E+0f, 5.725E+3f, 1.461E+3f, 8.829E-3f},
|
|
{3.519E+0f, 3.963E+0f, 6.065E+3f, 1.243E+3f, 7.782E-3f},
|
|
{3.140E+0f, 3.535E+0f, 6.288E+3f, 1.372E+3f, 7.361E-3f},
|
|
{3.553E+0f, 4.004E+0f, 6.205E+3f, 5.551E+2f, 8.763E-3f},
|
|
{3.696E+0f, 4.194E+0f, 4.649E+3f, 8.113E+1f, 2.242E-2f},
|
|
{4.210E+0f, 4.750E+0f, 6.953E+3f, 2.952E+2f, 6.809E-3f},
|
|
// Z= 31-40
|
|
{5.041E+0f, 5.697E+0f, 7.173E+3f, 2.026E+2f, 6.725E-3f},
|
|
{5.554E+0f, 6.300E+0f, 6.496E+3f, 1.100E+2f, 9.689E-3f},
|
|
{5.323E+0f, 6.012E+0f, 7.611E+3f, 2.925E+2f, 6.447E-3f},
|
|
{5.874E+0f, 6.656E+0f, 7.395E+3f, 1.175E+2f, 7.684E-3f},
|
|
{6.658E+0f, 7.536E+0f, 7.694E+3f, 2.223E+2f, 6.509E-3f},
|
|
{6.413E+0f, 7.240E+0f, 1.185E+4f, 1.537E+2f, 2.880E-3f},
|
|
{5.694E+0f, 6.429E+0f, 8.478E+3f, 2.929E+2f, 6.087E-3f},
|
|
{6.339E+0f, 7.159E+0f, 8.693E+3f, 3.303E+2f, 6.003E-3f},
|
|
{6.407E+0f, 7.234E+0f, 8.907E+3f, 3.678E+2f, 5.889E-3f},
|
|
{6.734E+0f, 7.603E+0f, 9.120E+3f, 4.052E+2f, 5.765E-3f},
|
|
// Z= 41-50
|
|
{6.901E+0f, 7.791E+0f, 9.333E+3f, 4.427E+2f, 5.587E-3f},
|
|
{6.424E+0f, 7.248E+0f, 9.545E+3f, 4.802E+2f, 5.376E-3f},
|
|
{6.799E+0f, 7.671E+0f, 9.756E+3f, 5.176E+2f, 5.315E-3f},
|
|
{6.109E+0f, 6.887E+0f, 9.966E+3f, 5.551E+2f, 5.151E-3f},
|
|
{5.924E+0f, 6.677E+0f, 1.018E+4f, 5.925E+2f, 4.919E-3f},
|
|
{5.238E+0f, 5.900E+0f, 1.038E+4f, 6.300E+2f, 4.758E-3f},
|
|
// {5.623f, 6.354f, 7160.0f, 337.6f, 0.013940f}, // Ag Ziegler77
|
|
{5.345E+0f, 6.038E+0f, 6.790E+3f, 3.978E+2f, 1.676E-2f}, // Ag ICRU49
|
|
{5.814E+0f, 6.554E+0f, 1.080E+4f, 3.555E+2f, 4.626E-3f},
|
|
{6.229E+0f, 7.024E+0f, 1.101E+4f, 3.709E+2f, 4.540E-3f},
|
|
{6.409E+0f, 7.227E+0f, 1.121E+4f, 3.864E+2f, 4.474E-3f},
|
|
// Z= 51-60
|
|
{7.500E+0f, 8.480E+0f, 8.608E+3f, 3.480E+2f, 9.074E-3f},
|
|
{6.979E+0f, 7.871E+0f, 1.162E+4f, 3.924E+2f, 4.402E-3f},
|
|
{7.725E+0f, 8.716E+0f, 1.183E+4f, 3.948E+2f, 4.376E-3f},
|
|
{8.337E+0f, 9.425E+0f, 1.051E+4f, 2.696E+2f, 6.206E-3f},
|
|
{7.287E+0f, 8.218E+0f, 1.223E+4f, 3.997E+2f, 4.447E-3f},
|
|
{7.899E+0f, 8.911E+0f, 1.243E+4f, 4.021E+2f, 4.511E-3f},
|
|
{8.041E+0f, 9.071E+0f, 1.263E+4f, 4.045E+2f, 4.540E-3f},
|
|
{7.488E+0f, 8.444E+0f, 1.283E+4f, 4.069E+2f, 4.420E-3f},
|
|
{7.291E+0f, 8.219E+0f, 1.303E+4f, 4.093E+2f, 4.298E-3f},
|
|
{7.098E+0f, 8.000E+0f, 1.323E+4f, 4.118E+2f, 4.182E-3f},
|
|
// Z= 61-70
|
|
{6.909E+0f, 7.786E+0f, 1.343E+4f, 4.142E+2f, 4.058E-3f},
|
|
{6.728E+0f, 7.580E+0f, 1.362E+4f, 4.166E+2f, 3.976E-3f},
|
|
{6.551E+0f, 7.380E+0f, 1.382E+4f, 4.190E+2f, 3.877E-3f},
|
|
{6.739E+0f, 7.592E+0f, 1.402E+4f, 4.214E+2f, 3.863E-3f},
|
|
{6.212E+0f, 6.996E+0f, 1.421E+4f, 4.239E+2f, 3.725E-3f},
|
|
{5.517E+0f, 6.210E+0f, 1.440E+4f, 4.263E+2f, 3.632E-3f},
|
|
{5.220E+0f, 5.874E+0f, 1.460E+4f, 4.287E+2f, 3.498E-3f},
|
|
{5.071E+0f, 5.706E+0f, 1.479E+4f, 4.330E+2f, 3.405E-3f},
|
|
{4.926E+0f, 5.542E+0f, 1.498E+4f, 4.335E+2f, 3.342E-3f},
|
|
{4.788E+0f, 5.386E+0f, 1.517E+4f, 4.359E+2f, 3.292E-3f},
|
|
// Z= 71-80
|
|
{4.893E+0f, 5.505E+0f, 1.536E+4f, 4.384E+2f, 3.243E-3f},
|
|
{5.028E+0f, 5.657E+0f, 1.555E+4f, 4.408E+2f, 3.195E-3f},
|
|
{4.738E+0f, 5.329E+0f, 1.574E+4f, 4.432E+2f, 3.186E-3f},
|
|
{4.587E+0f, 5.160E+0f, 1.541E+4f, 4.153E+2f, 3.406E-3f},
|
|
{5.201E+0f, 5.851E+0f, 1.612E+4f, 4.416E+2f, 3.122E-3f},
|
|
{5.071E+0f, 5.704E+0f, 1.630E+4f, 4.409E+2f, 3.082E-3f},
|
|
{4.946E+0f, 5.563E+0f, 1.649E+4f, 4.401E+2f, 2.965E-3f},
|
|
{4.477E+0f, 5.034E+0f, 1.667E+4f, 4.393E+2f, 2.871E-3f},
|
|
// {4.856f, 5.460f, 18320.0f, 438.5f, 0.002542f}, //Ziegler77
|
|
{4.844E+0f, 5.458E+0f, 7.852E+3f, 9.758E+2f, 2.077E-2f}, //ICRU49
|
|
{4.307E+0f, 4.843E+0f, 1.704E+4f, 4.878E+2f, 2.882E-3f},
|
|
// Z= 81-90
|
|
{4.723E+0f, 5.311E+0f, 1.722E+4f, 5.370E+2f, 2.913E-3f},
|
|
{5.319E+0f, 5.982E+0f, 1.740E+4f, 5.863E+2f, 2.871E-3f},
|
|
{5.956E+0f, 6.700E+0f, 1.780E+4f, 6.770E+2f, 2.660E-3f},
|
|
{6.158E+0f, 6.928E+0f, 1.777E+4f, 5.863E+2f, 2.812E-3f},
|
|
{6.203E+0f, 6.979E+0f, 1.795E+4f, 5.863E+2f, 2.776E-3f},
|
|
{6.181E+0f, 6.954E+0f, 1.812E+4f, 5.863E+2f, 2.748E-3f},
|
|
{6.949E+0f, 7.820E+0f, 1.830E+4f, 5.863E+2f, 2.737E-3f},
|
|
{7.506E+0f, 8.448E+0f, 1.848E+4f, 5.863E+2f, 2.727E-3f},
|
|
{7.648E+0f, 8.609E+0f, 1.866E+4f, 5.863E+2f, 2.697E-3f},
|
|
{7.711E+0f, 8.679E+0f, 1.883E+4f, 5.863E+2f, 2.641E-3f},
|
|
// Z= 91-92
|
|
{7.407E+0f, 8.336E+0f, 1.901E+4f, 5.863E+2f, 2.603E-3f},
|
|
{7.290E+0f, 8.204E+0f, 1.918E+4f, 5.863E+2f, 2.673E-3f}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
G4double fac = 1.0 ;
|
|
|
|
// Carbon specific case for E < 40 keV
|
|
if ( T < 40.0 && 5 == i) {
|
|
fac = std::sqrt(T*0.025);
|
|
T = 40.0;
|
|
|
|
// Free electron gas model
|
|
} else if ( T < 10.0 ) {
|
|
fac = std::sqrt(T*0.1) ;
|
|
T = 10.0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Main parametrisation
|
|
G4double x1 = (G4double)(a[i][1]);
|
|
G4double x2 = (G4double)(a[i][2]);
|
|
G4double x3 = (G4double)(a[i][3]);
|
|
G4double x4 = (G4double)(a[i][4]);
|
|
G4double slow = x1 * G4Exp(G4Log(T) * 0.45);
|
|
G4double shigh = G4Log( 1.0 + x3/T + x4*T ) * x2/T;
|
|
ionloss = slow*shigh*fac / (slow + shigh);
|
|
|
|
ionloss = std::max(ionloss, 0.0);
|
|
|
|
return ionloss;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
|
|
|
|
G4double G4BraggModel::DEDX(const G4Material* material, G4double kineticEnergy)
|
|
{
|
|
G4double eloss = 0.0;
|
|
|
|
// check DB
|
|
if(material != currentMaterial) {
|
|
currentMaterial = material;
|
|
baseMaterial = material->GetBaseMaterial()
|
|
? material->GetBaseMaterial() : material;
|
|
iPSTAR = -1;
|
|
iMolecula = -1;
|
|
iICRU90 = fICRU90 ? fICRU90->GetIndex(baseMaterial) : -1;
|
|
|
|
if(iICRU90 < 0) {
|
|
iPSTAR = fPSTAR->GetIndex(baseMaterial);
|
|
if(iPSTAR < 0) { HasMaterial(baseMaterial); }
|
|
}
|
|
//G4cout << "%%% " <<material->GetName() << " iMolecula= "
|
|
// << iMolecula << " iPSTAR= " << iPSTAR
|
|
// << " iICRU90= " << iICRU90<< G4endl;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// ICRU90 parameterisation
|
|
if(iICRU90 >= 0) {
|
|
return fICRU90->GetElectronicDEDXforProton(iICRU90, kineticEnergy)
|
|
*material->GetDensity();
|
|
}
|
|
// PSTAR parameterisation
|
|
if( iPSTAR >= 0 ) {
|
|
return fPSTAR->GetElectronicDEDX(iPSTAR, kineticEnergy)
|
|
*material->GetDensity();
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
const G4int numberOfElements = material->GetNumberOfElements();
|
|
const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector =
|
|
material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector();
|
|
|
|
|
|
if(iMolecula >= 0) {
|
|
eloss = StoppingPower(baseMaterial, kineticEnergy)*
|
|
material->GetDensity()/amu;
|
|
|
|
// Pure material ICRU49 paralmeterisation
|
|
} else if(1 == numberOfElements) {
|
|
|
|
G4double z = material->GetZ();
|
|
eloss = ElectronicStoppingPower(z, kineticEnergy)
|
|
* (material->GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume());
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Experimental data exist only for kinetic energy 125 keV
|
|
} else if( MolecIsInZiegler1988(material) ) {
|
|
|
|
// Loop over elements - calculation based on Bragg's rule
|
|
G4double eloss125 = 0.0 ;
|
|
const G4ElementVector* theElementVector =
|
|
material->GetElementVector();
|
|
|
|
// Loop for the elements in the material
|
|
for (G4int i=0; i<numberOfElements; ++i) {
|
|
const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[i] ;
|
|
G4double z = element->GetZ() ;
|
|
eloss += ElectronicStoppingPower(z,kineticEnergy)
|
|
* theAtomicNumDensityVector[i] ;
|
|
eloss125 += ElectronicStoppingPower(z,125.0*keV)
|
|
* theAtomicNumDensityVector[i] ;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Chemical factor is taken into account
|
|
eloss *= ChemicalFactor(kineticEnergy, eloss125) ;
|
|
|
|
// Brugg's rule calculation
|
|
} else {
|
|
const G4ElementVector* theElementVector =
|
|
material->GetElementVector() ;
|
|
|
|
// loop for the elements in the material
|
|
for (G4int i=0; i<numberOfElements; ++i)
|
|
{
|
|
const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[i] ;
|
|
eloss += ElectronicStoppingPower(element->GetZ(), kineticEnergy)
|
|
* theAtomicNumDensityVector[i];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return eloss*theZieglerFactor;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
|
|
|
|
G4bool G4BraggModel::MolecIsInZiegler1988(const G4Material* material)
|
|
{
|
|
// The list of molecules from
|
|
// J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping of ions in compaunds,
|
|
// Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988) 215-228.
|
|
|
|
G4String myFormula = G4String(" ") ;
|
|
const G4String chFormula = material->GetChemicalFormula() ;
|
|
if (myFormula == chFormula ) { return false; }
|
|
|
|
// There are no evidence for difference of stopping power depended on
|
|
// phase of the compound except for water. The stopping power of the
|
|
// water in gas phase can be predicted using Bragg's rule.
|
|
//
|
|
// No chemical factor for water-gas
|
|
|
|
myFormula = G4String("H_2O") ;
|
|
const G4State theState = material->GetState() ;
|
|
if( theState == kStateGas && myFormula == chFormula) return false ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
// The coffecient from Table.4 of Ziegler & Manoyan
|
|
static const G4float HeEff = 2.8735f;
|
|
|
|
static const size_t numberOfMolecula = 53;
|
|
static const G4String nameOfMol[numberOfMolecula] = {
|
|
"H_2O", "C_2H_4O", "C_3H_6O", "C_2H_2", "C_H_3OH",
|
|
"C_2H_5OH", "C_3H_7OH", "C_3H_4", "NH_3", "C_14H_10",
|
|
"C_6H_6", "C_4H_10", "C_4H_6", "C_4H_8O", "CCl_4",
|
|
"CF_4", "C_6H_8", "C_6H_12", "C_6H_10O", "C_6H_10",
|
|
"C_8H_16", "C_5H_10", "C_5H_8", "C_3H_6-Cyclopropane","C_2H_4F_2",
|
|
"C_2H_2F_2", "C_4H_8O_2", "C_2H_6", "C_2F_6", "C_2H_6O",
|
|
"C_3H_6O", "C_4H_10O", "C_2H_4", "C_2H_4O", "C_2H_4S",
|
|
"SH_2", "CH_4", "CCLF_3", "CCl_2F_2", "CHCl_2F",
|
|
"(CH_3)_2S", "N_2O", "C_5H_10O", "C_8H_6", "(CH_2)_N",
|
|
"(C_3H_6)_N","(C_8H_8)_N", "C_3H_8", "C_3H_6-Propylene", "C_3H_6O",
|
|
"C_3H_6S", "C_4H_4S", "C_7H_8"
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
static const G4float expStopping[numberOfMolecula] = {
|
|
66.1f, 190.4f, 258.7f, 42.2f, 141.5f,
|
|
210.9f, 279.6f, 198.8f, 31.0f, 267.5f,
|
|
122.8f, 311.4f, 260.3f, 328.9f, 391.3f,
|
|
206.6f, 374.0f, 422.0f, 432.0f, 398.0f,
|
|
554.0f, 353.0f, 326.0f, 74.6f, 220.5f,
|
|
197.4f, 362.0f, 170.0f, 330.5f, 211.3f,
|
|
262.3f, 349.6f, 51.3f, 187.0f, 236.9f,
|
|
121.9f, 35.8f, 247.0f, 292.6f, 268.0f,
|
|
262.3f, 49.0f, 398.9f, 444.0f, 22.91f,
|
|
68.0f, 155.0f, 84.0f, 74.2f, 254.7f,
|
|
306.8f, 324.4f, 420.0f
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
static const G4float expCharge[53] = {
|
|
HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, 1.0f, HeEff,
|
|
HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, 1.0f, 1.0f,
|
|
1.0f, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff,
|
|
HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff,
|
|
HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, 1.0f, HeEff,
|
|
HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff,
|
|
HeEff, HeEff, 1.0f, HeEff, HeEff,
|
|
HeEff, 1.0f, HeEff, HeEff, HeEff,
|
|
HeEff, 1.0f, HeEff, HeEff, 1.0f,
|
|
1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, HeEff,
|
|
HeEff, HeEff, HeEff
|
|
} ;
|
|
|
|
static const G4int numberOfAtomsPerMolecula[53] = {
|
|
3, 7, 10, 4, 6,
|
|
9, 12, 7, 4, 24,
|
|
12,14, 10, 13, 5,
|
|
5, 14, 18, 17, 17,
|
|
24,15, 13, 9, 8,
|
|
6, 14, 8, 8, 9,
|
|
10,15, 6, 7, 7,
|
|
3, 5, 5, 5, 5,
|
|
9, 3, 16, 14, 3,
|
|
9, 16, 11, 9, 10,
|
|
10, 9, 15};
|
|
|
|
// Search for the compaund in the table
|
|
for (size_t i=0; i<numberOfMolecula; ++i) {
|
|
if(chFormula == nameOfMol[i]) {
|
|
expStopPower125 = ((G4double)expStopping[i])
|
|
* (material->GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume()) /
|
|
((G4double)(expCharge[i] * numberOfAtomsPerMolecula[i]));
|
|
return true;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return false;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
|
|
|
|
G4double G4BraggModel::ChemicalFactor(G4double kineticEnergy,
|
|
G4double eloss125) const
|
|
{
|
|
// Approximation of Chemical Factor according to
|
|
// J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping of ions in compaunds,
|
|
// Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988) 215-228.
|
|
|
|
static const G4double gamma25 = 1.0 + 25.0*keV /proton_mass_c2;
|
|
static const G4double gamma125 = 1.0 + 125.0*keV/proton_mass_c2;
|
|
static const G4double beta25 = std::sqrt(1.0 - 1.0/(gamma25*gamma25));
|
|
static const G4double beta125 = std::sqrt(1.0 - 1.0/(gamma125*gamma125));
|
|
static const G4double f12525 = 1.0 + G4Exp( 1.48*(beta125/beta25 - 7.0) );
|
|
|
|
G4double gamma = 1.0 + kineticEnergy/proton_mass_c2;
|
|
G4double beta = std::sqrt(1.0 - 1.0/(gamma*gamma));
|
|
|
|
G4double factor = 1.0 + (expStopPower125/eloss125 - 1.0) * f12525/
|
|
(1.0 + G4Exp( 1.48 * ( beta/beta25 - 7.0 ) ) );
|
|
|
|
return factor ;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
|
|
|