geant4

It provides users with tables
into which users can fill with their detector parameters. After the
data in the tables, GGE creates C++ source codes for a detector.
When a user uses default functions of GGE, C++ codes generated by GGE is a complete
description of a detector, including the definition of atoms, materials, solids, color attributes,
logical volumes and physical volumes with rotations and translations.
The C++ source codes are saved into files and can be compiled to make a GEANT4 executable.
A minimum set of files for the GEANT4 managers to visualise the detector as well as
a GNUMakefile are provided for that.

GAG is helpful to have a visualization of the whole detector.
Simple macro files are associated, too, for visualisation.

GGE consists of two editors (material and volume) which are
interrelated upon users' request. Volume editor provides Single
Positioned Volume, Repeated Volumes with incremental copy numbers
(translational arrangement or axially symmetric arrangement), Replicas (in any axis)
and Parametrized volumes(not yet).

GGE is based on Java's MVC model, or Swing so that any change or input to the tables by a user
are automatically reflected to the internal data structure of GGE and C++ codes.

2) Functions of GGE

2.1) Material Editor
a) implemented in this version

+ append, insert, edit and delete a material
+ material from scratch
+ material by combination (number or fractional ratios)
+ periodic table of atoms automatically popped up to create a material
+ default states are provided (material state, temperature, pressure)
+ canonical physical units in GEANT4 selectable from a combobox

+ "in Use" mark for materials used in user's detector
+ materials used in the logical volumes are automatically made "in Use".
+ user can add any materials "in Use" to have C++ constructors

+ persistent material file
+ load, append or save a material file
+ an exemplary persistent material database file "MaterialDB.g4mt" from the PDG

b)not yet implemented

- material from materials (coming soon)
- isotope (planned)
- protection from duplicated "in Use" instances of the same materials.

2.2) Volume Editor ; logical and physical volumes

a)implemented

+ G4Solids
+ CSG solids
+ G4box, G4tubs, G4cons, G4trd
+ parameters and canonical units
+ preview with DAWN (automatically chosen world size)
+ BREPs
+ Pcone, Pgon
+ any number of nodes and facets with parameters and canonical units
+ preview with DAWN (automatically chosen world size)
+ G4LogicalVolume
+ create, delete a logical volume
+ Its name, G4Solid, material, visualization attributes
+ selectable G4Solid among the above candidates
+ type-in materials name (drag and drop is planned)
+ Color Chooser to specify visualization attribute (color and its name)
+ Used materials link to material DB

+ G4PVPlacement ; arrangement of physical volumes
+ Type 1 constructor = rotation of the frame, physical mother volume
+ Type 2 constructor = rotation of a body, physical mother volume
+ Type 3 constructor = rotation of the frame, logical mother volume
+ Type 4 constructor = rotation of a body, logical mother volume

+ Single Positioned Volume (SPV)
+ mother volume is either
null(Master Reference System), logical or physical
+ MARS is constructed first in C++ code.
+ translation in the X, Y or Z direction (default is no translation)
+ rotation around X, Y or Z axis with an angle (frame or body)

+ Repeated Volumes with incremental copy numbers (RVArrangement)
+ translational arrangement of any number of copies of a logical volume
+ placements in the X, Y or Z direction
+ the position of the first copy and incremental step size
+ with respect to a logical or physical mother volume
+ axially symmetric arrangement
+ rotational axis is parallel to X, Y or Z axis
+ rotation of the frames or a body
+ position of the center of axial symmetry
+ radius of axially symmetric arrangement
+ starting angle and incremental step angle with number of copies
+ logical or physical mother volume

+ Replica
+ replication in the X, Y or Z direction
+ replication in rho, phi or Z direction
+ width (in length or angle) and number of replicas
+ offset (in length or angle)
+ logical or physical mother volume

b)to be implemented

- other CSG solids

- paremetrised volumes
- linear scaling
- linear rotation

2.3) Generation of C++ code ; "MyDetectorConstruction.cc"

a) implemented
+ C++ code is output to a editor widget
+ necessary header files are automatically included
+ save the file with a file chooser
+ order of creating instances;
G4Elements, G4Material, G4VisAttributes, G4Solids, G4LogicalVolume,
Single Positioned Volumes, Repeated Volumes, Replicas
x order of instantiation inside each section is decided by GGE user,
except MARS
+ return the instance name of the MARS

b)not implemented
- automatic correct ordering of constructors of volumes

2.4) GGEmake; a directory containing the GEANT4 codes to compile and visualize the detector
a) implemented
+ GNUmakefile
+ myDetector.cc ; main() with GAG session and visualization manager
+ src/ directory contains
+ MyDetectorConstruction.cc
+ MyPhysicsList.cc
+ MyPrimaryGeneratorAction.cc
+ MyVisManager.cc
+ include/ directory

2.5) compile and visualize with Momo and GAG

a) implemented

+ canonical scheme of GEANT4 to compile
+ make G4TARGET=myDetector
+ the binary is created as $G4INSTALL/bin/G4SYSTEM/myDetector

+ Momo (GAG, Compile and GGE buttons)
+ rapid cycling of GGE and GAG to edit and view the geometry
+ a macro file for visualization (OGLIX default) "DrawDAWN.g4m", etc..

b) not implemented
- automatic "calibration" of the detector with geantino

2.6) exemplary persistent detector files with *.g4dt suffix
+ 3D array of lead plates using translational RVArrangement
+ BREP Pcones trumpetss using axially symmetric RVArrangement
+ Replicas to form cylinders

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

3) Installation

The minimum set to get C++ source code
1) GGE.jar file
2) Java interpreter ; java
Additional set to compile
3) GEANT4 toolkit with compiled libraries
4) GGEmake directory
Additional set to visualise and use GUI
4) DAWN (plus Ghostview) or OGLIX or VRML
5) GAG (Java version) or GAG.jar file
Additional too to make life easy
6) Momo to use all the above ingredients; Momo.jar file
(without Momo, you have to invoke GGE, compile and GAG respectively in windows.)

3.1) Java and Swing
We have tested GGE on Unix-en (Linux and Solaris) and Windows (95/NT).

3.1.1) Unix:

+ Linux: jdk1.1.3 or later(i.,e., jdk-1.1.6) + Swing-1.0.2
1) jdk1.1.5 may have bugs, while jdk1.1.6 works
2) GGE co-works with Swing-1.0.2 and not with 1.0.1 (or maybe not
with 1.0.3).
3) we are testing the current GGE with JRE1.2-beta04. The present source can be
compiled but doesn't execute correctly. In any case
Sun has announced on 17 August that JDK1.2 will be delayed
till November!!
+ Solaris: jdk1.1.6 + swing-1.0.2

We assume that you have
1)jdk1.1.6/bin/java (Java interpreter) to which paths are set
2)Swing-1.0.2 which is defreezed and placed in $HOME/swing/swingall.jar

3.1.2) Windows:

We use JBuilder2 with Swing-1.0.2. Note that you have to
eliminate all other libraries than swing-1.0.2, after having
copied it into JBuilder2.

We are trying JDK1.2beta4 + JRE1.2 with JBuilder2.

NOTE! At present we have not Momo/GAG for Windows. So,
you can only create C++ code under the Windows.

3.2) GGE and related files
The latest product of GGE is that of Sep. 24.
All *.java, *.class and GGE.jar files are placed in
geant4beta/environments/Momo/java/Momo/GGE

Only "GGE.jar" file is necessary to run GGE.

GGE/*.java GGE source files
GGE/*.class GGE byte code files
GGE/GGE.jar jar archive file to which CLASSPATH must be set
GGE/*.g4mt material database after PDG data
GGE/*.g4dt exampleN0x detector file
C++ source codes and GNUmakefiles to compile with GEANT4 are placed in
geant4beta/environments/Momo/GGEmake.

Only geantino is instantiated in the initialization of GEANT4, so that it is quite
rapid to have a visualization of the geometry. You can choose DAWN, OpenGL or VRML system.

GGEmake/myGGEdetector.cc main() program
/GNUmakefile
/src
/src/MyDetectorConstruction.cc C++ generated by GGE
/src/MyPrimaryGeneratorAction.cc geantino gun
/src/MyVisManager.cc DAWN, DAWNFILE, OGLIX, OGLSX, VRML1, VRML1FILE
/src/MyPhysicsList.cc geantino definition
/include/*.hh
/GGEdraw.g4m default macro file to visualize with OGLIX

3.3) install, setenv and run

%set path=($path jdk1.1.6/bin) <=== add the path to java and javac
%setenv CLASSPATH .:$HOME/swing/swingall.jar:$HOME/geant4beta/environments/Momo/java/Momo/GGE/GGE.jar

Then in any directory, you can invoke GGE.

%java gge

3.4) DAWN, Tcl/Tk and Postscript for the preview of CSG or BREP solids
If you don't use GGE's preview button, these are not necessary.

If you want to preview G4Solids, you have to install
DAWN, Fukui renderer as well as Tcl/Tk wish (Tcl/Tk 8.0) for its GUI.
DAWN uses also Postscript to draw *.prim files.

For the visualization of the whole detector, DAWN or Mesa (for OGLIX)
are necessary.

3.5) GEANT4 toolkit and its environments
The visualization manager instantiates DAWN, DAWNFILE, OPENGLIX,
OPENGLSX, VRML, VRMLFILE. So, you have to setenv accordingly.

4) A First Lesson; how to use GGE.

Here is a walk-through of how to use GGE.

4.1) Visualize the prefabricated detector sample
1) In a xterm, type %java gge
2) In the "Volume window", select "Load a Volume file" menu
and double click on "trumpetBREP.g4dt"
3) Click "Makesource" and select "Make C++ code". Have a look of the generated C++ code.
4) Save the C++ code (overwrite the existing one)
in .../GGEmake/src/MyDetectorConstruction.cc" using the file chooser.
5) In another xterm, go to the directory GGEmake/ and type
%make G4TARGET=myGGEdetector

Watch if there is any compilation error. At present,
GGE is made so that it generates correct C++ codes,
if a user uses GGE correctly.

In the example of "trumpetBREP.g4dt", a few warnings are shown on BREP.
6) Check that you have "myGGEdetector" executable, in $(G4INSTALL)/bin/$(G4SYSTEM)
7) In another xterm, type
%java gag

and with the "Run GEANT4" button, choose and run "myGGEdetector".
8) Use /control/execute command and double click on "GGEdraw.g4m".
To have a better view, use vis~ commands (camera/viewpoint, zoom etc).
You can select DAWNFILE to draw and have a PS hardcopy.

4.2) Modify the prefabricated detector
Now let's change the detector configuration. Go to the "Volume" window
and change any part of it, including material.

4.2.1) Changing materials

1) First, you have to "Clear Material" in the Material editor.
2) Then, select "Load material" and double click on "MaterialDB.g4mt".
Now you have a list of materials.
3) Then, in the "Logical Volume" panel, double click the box you want to change
and type in the name of the material in the material editor.
4) Change as many materials as you like and push "Used Material" button.
You see that materials you have typed in are marked "Used" in red.
If not, you might have mistyped the name of a material.
5) If you want to use additional materials, select "Use" in the material
editor (the leftmost column).
6) Push "Makesource" and see your change has been realized in the C++ code.

NOTE!! Be careful that there are no duplicated "Used" materials, when
you load the material DB without "Clear Material".

4.2.2) Modifying the size parameters of solids

To change the sizes of G4 solids
1) click a "solid" box of the logical volume of your choice.
2) You have a pop-up window to edit the parameters. Change a parameter
or its unit, as you like.
3) Push "Makesource" and see if your changes have been correctly applied
to C++ code.
4) In case of BREP solids, the pop-up window has variable number of columns
to accept any number of nodes.
5) For complicated solids like BREPs, preview may be useful. Click "View"
button and you have a view with the DAWN renderer. Its g4.prim file
is also shown in an edit-able widget.

4.2.3) Changing the type of solid of an existing logical volume
You may want to replace the current G4Solid with another one. In the
present GGE you can't do so directly. You have to "Create" a new logical
volume with the type of solid you want and then delete the unnecessary volume.

1) Choose your new solid with "Select Solid" combo-box.
2) Push "Create" button and you have a pop-up window to input parameters.
3) Type in numbers and select their units.
4) Preview if you like and then push "OK".
5) Check the C++ code.

4.2.4) Changing visualization attributes (Color).
1) You have to "Create" a new VisAttributes
2) Upon the "Create" button, you have a Color Chooser.
3) Select RGB (not HSV). Set your color with slide-bars.
4) Give it a name, and push "OK". Then you have a color circle and name in the
VisAttrib panel.
5) Edit the VisAtb box in the LogicalVolume panel.
6) See the C++ code.

4.2.5) Changing Repeated Volumes

"exampleN01.g4dt" contains three "single positioned volumes"
and one "repeated volumes" in the X direction.
Change the parameter of repetition such as the number
or width, or you can add another "repeated volumes"
in another direction.

In "trumpetBREP.g4dt" you can edit BREPs, adding new faces etc..

b) making C++ code "MyDetectorConstruction.cc" and compile.

Finally, back to the step 3 and recompile.

Opening GGE, compile, GAG simultaneously, you can
test and improve the geometry, just like creating
HTML or TeX documents.

4) Naming conventions in GGE

Knowledge of GGE's naming convention is helpful to read the generated C++ code as
well as using GGE correctly.

4-1) Elements and materials

a) Elements are named "elementXXX", where XXX stands for the
element's symbol in the periodic table.
b) materials are named just as you have typed in the second column
of the material window.

4-2) solids and logical volumes
The "Name" typed in the first (leftmost) column of the "Logical Volume"
is used to name the corresponding solid. If the name "world" is given
to a logical volume of a Box, the G4Solid has an instance "solidworld".
4-3) logical and physical volumes
The instance of a physical volume defined by "pName" has a name prefixed
with "physical", i.,e., instance's name is "physical" + pName ( + =>
string concatenation). "logical" is added to the instance of a logical
volume.
In case of SPV (single positioned volume), the columns "pName" (instance of
physical volume) and "pLogical" may have the same strings.

In case of RVA (repeated volumes arrangement), "pName" is different from
"pLogical" whose copies are repeatedly placed.

4-4) All variables are named after their proper instances.
See for example, the control variable used in the for loop in the
RVA.

Another examples are arrays to define BREP geometry.
5) Default values and combo-boxes

5.1) Default optional values of materials
GGE provides default values in a pre-filled columns or with the
combo-boxes. "Use", "State" and "Unit" columns are equipped with
combo-boxes. Temperature and pressure column are pre-filled with
273.15 * kelvin and 1 * atmosphere.
5.2) Default values in volumes
"Mother Type" is either NULL (mother of all), logical (type 2, 4 constructors)
or physical (type 2 or 4 constructors) in G4PVPlacement.