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geant4/source/processes/electromagnetic/lowenergy/src/G4LowEnergyIonisation.cc
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//
// ********************************************************************
// * DISCLAIMER *
// * *
// * The following disclaimer summarizes all the specific disclaimers *
// * of contributors to this software. The specific disclaimers,which *
// * govern, are listed with their locations in: *
// * http://cern.ch/geant4/license *
// * *
// * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing *
// * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this *
// * work make any representation or warranty, express or implied, *
// * regarding this software system or assume any liability for its *
// * use. *
// * *
// * This code implementation is the intellectual property of the *
// * GEANT4 collaboration. *
// * By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work *
// * based on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this *
// * statement, and all its terms. *
// ********************************************************************
//
// $Id: G4LowEnergyIonisation.cc,v 1.90 2002/10/28 09:43:49 vnivanch Exp $
// GEANT4 tag $Name: geant4-05-00 $
//
// --------------------------------------------------------------
//
// File name: G4LowEnergyIonisation
//
// Author: Alessandra Forti, Vladimir Ivanchenko
//
// Creation date: March 1999
//
// Modifications:
// - 11.04.2000 VL
// Changing use of float and G4float casts to G4double casts
// because of problems with optimisation (bug ?)
// 10.04.2000 VL
// - Correcting Fluorescence transition probabilities in order to take into account
// non-radiative transitions. No Auger electron simulated yet: energy is locally deposited.
// 10.04.2000 VL
// - Correction of incident electron final momentum direction
// 07.04.2000 VL+LU
// - First implementation of continuous energy loss
// 22.03.2000 VL
// - 1 bug corrected in SelectRandomAtom method (units)
// 17.02.2000 Veronique Lefebure
// - 5 bugs corrected:
// *in Fluorescence, 2 bugs affecting
// . localEnergyDeposition and
// . number of emitted photons that was then always 1 less
// *in EnergySampling method:
// . expon = Parms[13]+1; (instead of uncorrect -1)
// . rejection /= Parms[6];(instead of uncorrect Parms[7])
// . Parms[6] is apparently corrupted in the data file (often = 0)
// -->Compute normalisation into local variable rejectionMax
// and use rejectionMax in stead of Parms[6]
//
// Added Livermore data table construction methods A. Forti
// Modified BuildMeanFreePath to read new data tables A. Forti
// Added EnergySampling method A. Forti
// Modified PostStepDoIt to insert sampling with EEDL data A. Forti
// Added SelectRandomAtom A. Forti
// Added map of the elements A. Forti
// 20.09.00 V.Ivanchenko update fluctuations
// 24.04.01 V.Ivanchenko remove RogueWave
// 22.05.01 V.Ivanchenko update calculation of delta-ray kinematic +
// clean up the code
// 02.08.01 V.Ivanchenko fix energy conservation for small steps
// 18.08.01 V.Ivanchenko fix energy conservation for pathalogical delta-energy
// 01.10.01 E. Guardincerri Replaced fluorescence generation in PostStepDoIt
// according to design iteration
// 04.10.01 MGP Minor clean-up in the fluo section, removal of
// compilation warnings and extra protection to
// prevent from accessing a null pointer
// 29.09.01 V.Ivanchenko revision based on design iteration
// 10.10.01 MGP Revision to improve code quality and
// consistency with design
// 18.10.01 V.Ivanchenko Add fluorescence AlongStepDoIt
// 18.10.01 MGP Revision to improve code quality and
// consistency with design
// 19.10.01 V.Ivanchenko update according to new design, V.Ivanchenko
// 26.10.01 V.Ivanchenko clean up deexcitation
// 28.10.01 V.Ivanchenko update printout
// 29.11.01 V.Ivanchenko New parametrisation introduced
// 25.03.02 V.Ivanchneko Fix in fluorescence
// 28.03.02 V.Ivanchenko Add flag of fluorescence
// 28.05.02 V.Ivanchenko Remove flag fStopAndKill
// 31.05.02 V.Ivanchenko Add path of Fluo + Auger cuts to
// AtomicDeexcitation
// 03.06.02 MGP Restore fStopAndKill
// 19.06.02 VI Additional printout
// 30.07.02 VI Fix in restricted energy loss
// 20.09.02 VI Remove ActivateFlurescence from SetCut...
//
// --------------------------------------------------------------
#include "G4LowEnergyIonisation.hh"
#include "G4eIonisationSpectrum.hh"
#include "G4eIonisationCrossSectionHandler.hh"
#include "G4AtomicTransitionManager.hh"
#include "G4AtomicShell.hh"
#include "G4VDataSetAlgorithm.hh"
#include "G4SemiLogInterpolation.hh"
#include "G4LogLogInterpolation.hh"
#include "G4EMDataSet.hh"
#include "G4VEMDataSet.hh"
#include "G4CompositeEMDataSet.hh"
#include "G4EnergyLossTables.hh"
#include "G4ShellVacancy.hh"
#include "G4UnitsTable.hh"
#include "G4Electron.hh"
#include "G4Gamma.hh"
#include "G4CutsPerMaterialWarning.hh"
G4LowEnergyIonisation::G4LowEnergyIonisation(const G4String& nam)
: G4eLowEnergyLoss(nam),
crossSectionHandler(0),
theMeanFreePath(0),
energySpectrum(0),
shellVacancy(0)
{
cutForPhotons = 250.0*eV;
cutForElectrons = 250.0*eV;
verboseLevel = 0;
}
G4LowEnergyIonisation::~G4LowEnergyIonisation()
{
delete crossSectionHandler;
delete energySpectrum;
delete theMeanFreePath;
delete shellVacancy;
}
void G4LowEnergyIonisation::BuildPhysicsTable(const G4ParticleDefinition& aParticleType)
{
if(verboseLevel > 0) {
G4cout << "G4LowEnergyIonisation::BuildPhysicsTable start"
<< G4endl;
}
G4CutsPerMaterialWarning warning;
warning.PrintWarning(&aParticleType);
cutForDelta.clear();
// Create and fill IonisationParameters once
if( energySpectrum != 0 ) delete energySpectrum;
energySpectrum = new G4eIonisationSpectrum();
if(verboseLevel > 0) {
G4cout << "G4VEnergySpectrum is initialized"
<< G4endl;
}
// Create and fill G4CrossSectionHandler once
if ( crossSectionHandler != 0 ) delete crossSectionHandler;
G4VDataSetAlgorithm* interpolation = new G4SemiLogInterpolation();
G4double lowKineticEnergy = GetLowerBoundEloss();
G4double highKineticEnergy = GetUpperBoundEloss();
G4int totBin = GetNbinEloss();
crossSectionHandler = new G4eIonisationCrossSectionHandler(energySpectrum,
interpolation,
lowKineticEnergy,
highKineticEnergy,
totBin);
crossSectionHandler->LoadShellData("ioni/ion-ss-cs-");
if (verboseLevel > 0) {
G4cout << GetProcessName()
<< " is created; Cross section data: "
<< G4endl;
crossSectionHandler->PrintData();
G4cout << "Parameters: "
<< G4endl;
energySpectrum->PrintData();
}
// Build loss table for IonisationIV
BuildLossTable(aParticleType);
if(verboseLevel > 0) {
G4cout << "The loss table is built"
<< G4endl;
}
if (&aParticleType==G4Electron::Electron()) {
RecorderOfElectronProcess[CounterOfElectronProcess] = (*this).theLossTable;
CounterOfElectronProcess++;
PrintInfoDefinition();
} else {
RecorderOfPositronProcess[CounterOfPositronProcess] = (*this).theLossTable;
CounterOfPositronProcess++;
}
// Build mean free path data using cut values
if( theMeanFreePath ) delete theMeanFreePath;
theMeanFreePath = crossSectionHandler->
BuildMeanFreePathForMaterials(&cutForDelta);
if(verboseLevel > 0) {
G4cout << "The MeanFreePath table is built"
<< G4endl;
if(verboseLevel > 1) theMeanFreePath->PrintData();
}
// Build common DEDX table for all ionisation processes
BuildDEDXTable(aParticleType);
if (verboseLevel > 0) {
G4cout << "G4LowEnergyIonisation::BuildPhysicsTable end"
<< G4endl;
}
}
void G4LowEnergyIonisation::BuildLossTable(
const G4ParticleDefinition& aParticleType)
{
// Build table for energy loss due to soft brems
// the tables are built for *MATERIALS* binning is taken from LowEnergyLoss
G4double lowKineticEnergy = GetLowerBoundEloss();
G4double highKineticEnergy = GetUpperBoundEloss();
size_t totBin = GetNbinEloss();
// create table
if (theLossTable) {
theLossTable->clearAndDestroy();
delete theLossTable;
}
const G4MaterialTable* theMaterialTable = G4Material::GetMaterialTable();
const size_t numOfMaterials = G4Material::GetNumberOfMaterials();
theLossTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfMaterials);
if (shellVacancy != 0) delete shellVacancy;
shellVacancy = new G4ShellVacancy();
G4DataVector* ksi = 0;
G4DataVector* energy = 0;
size_t binForFluo = totBin/10;
G4PhysicsLogVector* bVector = new G4PhysicsLogVector(lowKineticEnergy,
highKineticEnergy,
binForFluo);
const G4AtomicTransitionManager* transitionManager = G4AtomicTransitionManager::Instance();
// Clean up the vector of cuts
cutForDelta.clear();
// Loop for materials
for (size_t m=0; m<numOfMaterials; m++) {
// create physics vector and fill it
G4PhysicsLogVector* aVector = new G4PhysicsLogVector(lowKineticEnergy,
highKineticEnergy,
totBin);
// get material parameters needed for the energy loss calculation
const G4Material* material= (*theMaterialTable)[m];
// the cut cannot be below lowest limit
G4double tCut = G4Electron::Electron()->GetEnergyThreshold(material);
if(tCut > highKineticEnergy) tCut = highKineticEnergy;
cutForDelta.push_back(tCut);
const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = material->GetElementVector();
size_t NumberOfElements = material->GetNumberOfElements() ;
const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector =
material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector();
if(verboseLevel > 0) {
G4cout << "Energy loss for material # " << m
<< " tCut(keV)= " << tCut/keV
<< G4endl;
}
// now comes the loop for the kinetic energy values
for (size_t i = 0; i<totBin; i++) {
G4double lowEdgeEnergy = aVector->GetLowEdgeEnergy(i);
G4double ionloss = 0.;
// loop for elements in the material
for (size_t iel=0; iel<NumberOfElements; iel++ ) {
G4int Z = (G4int)((*theElementVector)[iel]->GetZ());
G4int nShells = transitionManager->NumberOfShells(Z);
for (G4int n=0; n<nShells; n++) {
G4double e = energySpectrum->AverageEnergy(Z, 0.0, tCut,
lowEdgeEnergy, n);
G4double cs= crossSectionHandler->FindValue(Z, lowEdgeEnergy, n);
ionloss += e * cs * theAtomicNumDensityVector[iel];
if(verboseLevel > 1 || (Z == 14 && lowEdgeEnergy>1. && lowEdgeEnergy<0.)) {
G4cout << "Z= " << Z
<< " shell= " << n
<< " E(keV)= " << lowEdgeEnergy/keV
<< " Eav(keV)= " << e/keV
<< " cs= " << cs
<< " loss= " << ionloss
<< " rho= " << theAtomicNumDensityVector[iel]
<< G4endl;
}
}
G4double esp = energySpectrum->Excitation(Z, lowEdgeEnergy);
ionloss += esp * theAtomicNumDensityVector[iel];
}
if(verboseLevel > 1 || (m == 0 && lowEdgeEnergy>=1. && lowEdgeEnergy<=0.)) {
G4cout << "Sum: "
<< " E(keV)= " << lowEdgeEnergy/keV
<< " loss(MeV/mm)= " << ionloss*mm/MeV
<< G4endl;
}
aVector->PutValue(i,ionloss);
}
theLossTable->insert(aVector);
// fill data for fluorescence
G4VDataSetAlgorithm* interp = new G4LogLogInterpolation();
G4VEMDataSet* xsis = new G4CompositeEMDataSet(interp, 1., 1.);
for (size_t iel=0; iel<NumberOfElements; iel++ ) {
G4int Z = (G4int)((*theElementVector)[iel]->GetZ());
energy = new G4DataVector();
ksi = new G4DataVector();
for (size_t j = 0; j<binForFluo; j++) {
G4double lowEdgeEnergy = bVector->GetLowEdgeEnergy(j);
G4double cross = 0.;
G4double eAverage= 0.;
G4int nShells = transitionManager->NumberOfShells(Z);
for (G4int n=0; n<nShells; n++) {
G4double e = energySpectrum->AverageEnergy(Z, 0.0, tCut,
lowEdgeEnergy, n);
G4double pro = energySpectrum->Probability(Z, 0.0, tCut,
lowEdgeEnergy, n);
G4double cs= crossSectionHandler->FindValue(Z, lowEdgeEnergy, n);
eAverage += e * cs * theAtomicNumDensityVector[iel];
cross += cs * pro * theAtomicNumDensityVector[iel];
if(verboseLevel > 1) {
G4cout << "Z= " << Z
<< " shell= " << n
<< " E(keV)= " << lowEdgeEnergy/keV
<< " Eav(keV)= " << e/keV
<< " pro= " << pro
<< " cs= " << cs
<< G4endl;
}
}
G4double coeff = 0.0;
if(eAverage > 0.) {
coeff = cross/eAverage;
eAverage /= cross;
}
if(verboseLevel > 1) {
G4cout << "Ksi Coefficient for Z= " << Z
<< " E(keV)= " << lowEdgeEnergy/keV
<< " Eav(keV)= " << eAverage/keV
<< " coeff= " << coeff
<< G4endl;
}
energy->push_back(lowEdgeEnergy);
ksi->push_back(coeff);
}
interp = new G4LogLogInterpolation();
G4VEMDataSet* set = new G4EMDataSet(Z,energy,ksi,interp,1.,1.);
xsis->AddComponent(set);
}
if(verboseLevel) xsis->PrintData();
shellVacancy->AddXsiTable(xsis);
}
delete bVector;
}
G4VParticleChange* G4LowEnergyIonisation::PostStepDoIt(const G4Track& track,
const G4Step& step)
{
// Delta electron production mechanism on base of the model
// J. Stepanek " A program to determine the radiation spectra due
// to a single atomic subshell ionisation by a particle or due to
// deexcitation or decay of radionuclides",
// Comp. Phys. Comm. 1206 pp 1-19 (1997)
aParticleChange.Initialize(track);
const G4Material* material = track.GetMaterial();
G4double kineticEnergy = track.GetKineticEnergy();
// Select atom and shell
G4int Z = crossSectionHandler->SelectRandomAtom(material, kineticEnergy);
G4int shell = crossSectionHandler->SelectRandomShell(Z, kineticEnergy);
const G4AtomicShell* atomicShell =
(G4AtomicTransitionManager::Instance())->Shell(Z, shell);
G4double bindingEnergy = atomicShell->BindingEnergy();
G4int shellId = atomicShell->ShellId();
// Sample delta energy
G4int index = material->GetIndex();
G4double tCut = cutForDelta[index];
G4double tmax = energySpectrum->MaxEnergyOfSecondaries(kineticEnergy);
G4double tDelta = energySpectrum->SampleEnergy(Z, tCut, tmax,
kineticEnergy, shell);
if(tDelta == 0.0)
return G4VContinuousDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(track, step);
// Transform to shell potential
G4double deltaKinE = tDelta + 2.0*bindingEnergy;
G4double primaryKinE = kineticEnergy + 2.0*bindingEnergy;
// sampling of scattering angle neglecting atomic motion
G4double deltaMom = sqrt(deltaKinE*(deltaKinE + 2.0*electron_mass_c2));
G4double primaryMom = sqrt(primaryKinE*(primaryKinE + 2.0*electron_mass_c2));
G4double cost = deltaKinE * (primaryKinE + 2.0*electron_mass_c2)
/ (deltaMom * primaryMom);
if (cost > 1.) cost = 1.;
G4double sint = sqrt(1. - cost*cost);
G4double phi = twopi * G4UniformRand();
G4double dirx = sint * cos(phi);
G4double diry = sint * sin(phi);
G4double dirz = cost;
// Rotate to incident electron direction
G4ThreeVector primaryDirection = track.GetMomentumDirection();
G4ThreeVector deltaDir(dirx,diry,dirz);
deltaDir.rotateUz(primaryDirection);
dirx = deltaDir.x();
diry = deltaDir.y();
dirz = deltaDir.z();
// Take into account atomic motion del is relative momentum of the motion
// kinetic energy of the motion == bindingEnergy in V.Ivanchenko model
cost = 2.0*G4UniformRand() - 1.0;
sint = sqrt(1. - cost*cost);
phi = twopi * G4UniformRand();
G4double del = sqrt(bindingEnergy *(bindingEnergy + 2.0*electron_mass_c2))
/ deltaMom;
dirx += del* sint * cos(phi);
diry += del* sint * sin(phi);
dirz += del* cost;
// Find out new primary electron direction
G4double finalPx = primaryMom*primaryDirection.x() - deltaMom*dirx;
G4double finalPy = primaryMom*primaryDirection.y() - deltaMom*diry;
G4double finalPz = primaryMom*primaryDirection.z() - deltaMom*dirz;
// create G4DynamicParticle object for delta ray
G4DynamicParticle* theDeltaRay = new G4DynamicParticle();
theDeltaRay->SetKineticEnergy(tDelta);
G4double norm = 1.0/sqrt(dirx*dirx + diry*diry + dirz*dirz);
dirx *= norm;
diry *= norm;
dirz *= norm;
theDeltaRay->SetMomentumDirection(dirx, diry, dirz);
theDeltaRay->SetDefinition(G4Electron::Electron());
G4double theEnergyDeposit = bindingEnergy;
// fill ParticleChange
// changed energy and momentum of the actual particle
G4double finalKinEnergy = kineticEnergy - tDelta - theEnergyDeposit;
if(finalKinEnergy < 0.0) {
theEnergyDeposit += finalKinEnergy;
finalKinEnergy = 0.0;
aParticleChange.SetStatusChange(fStopAndKill);
} else {
G4double norm = 1.0/sqrt(finalPx*finalPx+finalPy*finalPy+finalPz*finalPz);
finalPx *= norm;
finalPy *= norm;
finalPz *= norm;
aParticleChange.SetMomentumChange(finalPx, finalPy, finalPz);
}
aParticleChange.SetEnergyChange(finalKinEnergy);
// Generation of Fluorescence and Auger
size_t nSecondaries = 0;
size_t totalNumber = 1;
G4std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* secondaryVector = 0;
G4DynamicParticle* aSecondary = 0;
G4ParticleDefinition* type = 0;
// Fluorescence data start from element 6
if (Fluorescence() && Z > 5 && (bindingEnergy >= cutForPhotons
|| bindingEnergy >= cutForElectrons)) {
secondaryVector = deexcitationManager.GenerateParticles(Z, shellId);
if (secondaryVector != 0) {
nSecondaries = secondaryVector->size();
for (size_t i = 0; i<nSecondaries; i++) {
aSecondary = (*secondaryVector)[i];
if (aSecondary) {
G4double e = aSecondary->GetKineticEnergy();
type = aSecondary->GetDefinition();
if (e < theEnergyDeposit &&
((type == G4Gamma::Gamma() && e > cutForPhotons ) ||
(type == G4Electron::Electron() && e > cutForElectrons ))) {
theEnergyDeposit -= e;
totalNumber++;
} else {
delete aSecondary;
(*secondaryVector)[i] = 0;
}
}
}
}
}
// Save delta-electrons
aParticleChange.SetNumberOfSecondaries(totalNumber);
aParticleChange.AddSecondary(theDeltaRay);
// Save Fluorescence and Auger
if (secondaryVector) {
for (size_t l = 0; l < nSecondaries; l++) {
aSecondary = (*secondaryVector)[l];
if(aSecondary) {
aParticleChange.AddSecondary(aSecondary);
}
}
delete secondaryVector;
}
if(theEnergyDeposit < 0.) {
G4cout << "G4LowEnergyIonisation: Negative energy deposit: "
<< theEnergyDeposit/eV << " eV" << G4endl;
theEnergyDeposit = 0.0;
}
aParticleChange.SetLocalEnergyDeposit(theEnergyDeposit);
return G4VContinuousDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(track, step);
}
void G4LowEnergyIonisation::PrintInfoDefinition()
{
G4String comments = "Total cross sections from EEDL database.";
comments += "\n Gamma energy sampled from a parametrised formula.";
comments += "\n Implementation of the continuous dE/dx part.";
comments += "\n At present it can be used for electrons ";
comments += "in the energy range [250eV,100GeV].";
comments += "\n The process must work with G4LowEnergyBremsstrahlung.";
G4cout << G4endl << GetProcessName() << ": " << comments << G4endl;
}
G4bool G4LowEnergyIonisation::IsApplicable(const G4ParticleDefinition& particle)
{
return ( (&particle == G4Electron::Electron()) );
}
G4std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>*
G4LowEnergyIonisation::DeexciteAtom(const G4Material* material,
G4double incidentEnergy,
G4double eLoss)
{
// create vector of secondary particles
G4std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* partVector =
new G4std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>;
if(eLoss > cutForPhotons && eLoss > cutForElectrons) {
const G4AtomicTransitionManager* transitionManager =
G4AtomicTransitionManager::Instance();
size_t nElements = material->GetNumberOfElements();
const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = material->GetElementVector();
G4std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* secVector = 0;
G4DynamicParticle* aSecondary = 0;
G4ParticleDefinition* type = 0;
G4double e;
G4ThreeVector position;
G4int shell, shellId;
// sample secondaries
G4double eTot = 0.0;
G4std::vector<G4int> n =
shellVacancy->GenerateNumberOfIonisations(material,
incidentEnergy,eLoss);
for (size_t i=0; i<nElements; i++) {
G4int Z = (G4int)((*theElementVector)[i]->GetZ());
size_t nVacancies = n[i];
G4double maxE = transitionManager->Shell(Z, 0)->BindingEnergy();
if (nVacancies && Z > 5 && (maxE>cutForPhotons || maxE>cutForElectrons)) {
for (size_t j=0; j<nVacancies; j++) {
shell = crossSectionHandler->SelectRandomShell(Z, incidentEnergy);
shellId = transitionManager->Shell(Z, shell)->ShellId();
G4double maxEShell =
transitionManager->Shell(Z, shell)->BindingEnergy();
if (maxEShell>cutForPhotons || maxEShell>cutForElectrons ) {
secVector = deexcitationManager.GenerateParticles(Z, shellId);
if (secVector != 0) {
for (size_t l = 0; l<secVector->size(); l++) {
aSecondary = (*secVector)[l];
if (aSecondary != 0) {
e = aSecondary->GetKineticEnergy();
type = aSecondary->GetDefinition();
if ( eTot + e <= eLoss &&
(type == G4Gamma::Gamma() && e>cutForPhotons ) ||
(type == G4Electron::Electron() && e>cutForElectrons)) {
eTot += e;
partVector->push_back(aSecondary);
} else {
delete aSecondary;
}
}
}
delete secVector;
}
}
}
}
}
}
return partVector;
}
G4double G4LowEnergyIonisation::GetMeanFreePath(const G4Track& track,
G4double previousStepSize,
G4ForceCondition* cond)
{
*cond = NotForced;
G4int index = (track.GetMaterial())->GetIndex();
const G4VEMDataSet* data = theMeanFreePath->GetComponent(index);
G4double meanFreePath = data->FindValue(track.GetKineticEnergy());
return meanFreePath;
}
void G4LowEnergyIonisation::SetCutForLowEnSecPhotons(G4double cut)
{
cutForPhotons = cut;
deexcitationManager.SetCutForSecondaryPhotons(cut);
}
void G4LowEnergyIonisation::SetCutForLowEnSecElectrons(G4double cut)
{
cutForElectrons = cut;
deexcitationManager.SetCutForAugerElectrons(cut);
}
void G4LowEnergyIonisation::ActivateAuger(G4bool val)
{
deexcitationManager.ActivateAugerElectronProduction(val);
}