=========================================================
     Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
     =========================================================


                               HADR02

	       Example and DMJET: V.Ivanchenko, A.Ivanchenko, 
		 UrQMD: Kh Abdel-Waged et al, A. Dotti
                       CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
        	     Geant4 Associate International
		University of Bordeaux, CENBG/IN2P3/CNRS
                     (ESA contract 22712/09/NL/AT)


This example application is providing simulation of ion beam interaction with different 
targets. Hadronic aspects of beam target interaction are demonstrated in the example 
including longitudinal profile of energy deposition, spectra of secondary  particles,
isotope production spectra. The results are presenting in a form of average numbers 
and histograms. All ion/ion models of Geant4 are available. 

In addition an interface to the FORTRAN code UrQMD-1.3rc developed by Kh, Abdel-Waged et al
for the KACST/NCMP. UrQMD model by S.A.Bass et al. Prog.Part.Nucl.Phys. 41 (1998) 225
and M.Bleicher et al. J.Phys. G25 (1999) 1859.
UrQMD can be used only for ion-ion physics or for all hadronic inelastic interactions.


	                  INSTALLATION

For simulation with Geant4 native models installation procedure is the same as for 
other examples.

			  HOW TO RUN

To run the example:

  	Hadr02 <yourmacro> QGSP_BIC

The last parameter is optional. It is the name of Geant4 reference Physics List, 
alternatively Physics List can be defined via environment variable

        setenv PHYSLIST QGSP_BIC

			   ACTIVATION OF URQMD INTERFACE

UrQMD 1.3 FORTRAN code is NOT provided with Geant4 code-base.
You can get UrQMD code from UrQMD code website: http://urqmd.org
The Geant4 interface has been developed and tested against urqmd-1.3cr
Once the tarball urqmd-1.3cr.tar.gz has been downloaded copy it in the 
urqmd1_3 directory of this example.
To compile support for UrQMD interface in the example define the environment
variable G4_USE_URQMD. i.e. by typing:

	setenv G4_USE_URQMD 1

Two possible uses of UrQMD interface are possible: use UrQMD code only for
ion-ion interactions or use the provided UrQMD physics list (all hadron inelastic interactions
use UrQMD).
To run the example with UrQMD only for ion-ion physics:

	Hadr02 urqmd.in QGSP_BIC

The last parameter is optional. It is the name of Geant4 reference Physics List on
top of which a new ion physics is added. Alternatively Physics List can be defined via 
environment variable

        setenv PHYSLIST QGSP_BIC

To run the example with the full UrQMD physics:

	Hadr02 default.in UrQMD
or:
	setenv PHYSLIST UrQMD
	Hadr02 default.in

UrQMD physics list can be used in any application, releavant headers and source files (*UrQDM*)
should be copied in your application source tree, together with the urqmd1_3 sub-directory.
Your application makefile should also be modified following the example of the makefile for this 
example.

                           GEOMETRY

The Target volume is a cylinder placed inside Check cylindrical volume. The 
Check volume is placed inside the World volume. The radius and the length of
the Check volume are 1 mm larger than the radius and the length of the Target.
The material of the Check volume is the same as the World material. The World
volume has the sizes 10 mm larger than that of the Target volume. Any material
from the Geant4 database can be defined. The default World  material is
G4Galactic and the default  Target material is aluminum. The Target is
subdivided on number of equal slices. Following UI commands are available to
modify the geometry:

/testhadr/TargetMat     G4_Pb
/testhadr/WorldMat      G4_AIR
/testhadr/TargetRadius  10 mm
/testhadr/TargetLength  20 cm
/testhadr/NumberDivZ    200

Beam direction coincides with the target axis and is Z axis in the global
coordinate system. G4ParticleGun is used as a primary generator. The energy 
and the type of the beam can be defined via standard UI commands

/gun/energy   150 GeV
/gun/particle ion
/gun/ion 6 12

Default beam position is -(targetHalfLength + 5*mm) and direction along Z axis.
Beam position and direction can be changed by gun UI commands:

/gun/position  1 10 3 mm
/gun/direction 1 0 0

however, position command is active only if before it the flag is set

/testhadr/DefaultBeamPosition false   
 
                           SCORING

The scoring is performed with the help of UserStackingAction class and a
sensitive detector class associated with a target slice. 
Each secondary particle is scored by the StackingAction.  In
the StackingAction it is also possible to kill all or only EM (e+, e-, gamma)
secondary particles 

/testhadr/killAll     
/testhadr/KillEM  

To control running the following options are available:

/run/printProgress      10


                           PHYSICS

PhysicsList of the application uses components, which are distributed with
Geant4 in /geant4/physics_lists subdirectory. 

Reference Physics Lists are used and the environment variable PHYSLIST should 
be defined. 

Additionally it is possible to add ion-ion interactions using UI command

/testhadr/ionPhysics   HIJING
/testhadr/ionPhysics   QrQMD


                          VISUALIZATION

For interactive mode G4 visualization options and variables should be
defined, then the example should be recompiled:

gmake visclean
gmake

The vis.mac file can be used an example of visualization. The following command can 
be used:

/testhadr/DrawTracks  charged
/testhadr/DrawTracks  charged+n
/testhadr/DrawTracks  neutral
/testhadr/DrawTracks  all


                          HISTOGRAMS

All histograms are normalized to the number of events.