// // ******************************************************************** // * DISCLAIMER * // * * // * The following disclaimer summarizes all the specific disclaimers * // * of contributors to this software. The specific disclaimers,which * // * govern, are listed with their locations in: * // * http://cern.ch/geant4/license * // * * // * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing * // * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this * // * work make any representation or warranty, express or implied, * // * regarding this software system or assume any liability for its * // * use. * // * * // * This code implementation is the intellectual property of the * // * GEANT4 collaboration. * // * By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work * // * based on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this * // * statement, and all its terms. * // ******************************************************************** // // File for definition of materials used in X-ray TR experiments #ifndef Em10Materials_h #define Em10Materials_h 1 #include "G4Material.hh" G4String name, symbol ; //a=mass of a mole; G4double a, z, density ; //z=mean number of protons; G4int iz, n, nel ; //iz=number of protons in an isotope; // n=number of nucleons in an isotope; G4int ncomponents, natoms; G4double abundance, fractionmass; G4double temperature, pressure; // // define Elements // a = 1.01*g/mole; G4Element* elH = new G4Element(name="Hydrogen",symbol="H" , z= 1., a); a = 6.94*g/mole; G4Element* elLi = new G4Element(name="Lithium",symbol="Li" , z= 3., a); a = 9.01*g/mole; G4Element* elBe = new G4Element(name="Beryllium",symbol="Be" , z= 4., a); a = 6.01*g/mole; G4Element* elC = new G4Element(name="Carbon", symbol="C", z=6., a); a = 14.01*g/mole; G4Element* elN = new G4Element(name="Nitrogen",symbol="N" , z= 7., a); a = 16.00*g/mole; G4Element* elO = new G4Element(name="Oxygen" ,symbol="O" , z= 8., a); a = 39.948*g/mole; G4Element* elAr = new G4Element(name="Argon", symbol="Ar", z=18., a); a = 131.29*g/mole; G4Element* elXe = new G4Element(name="Xenon", symbol="Xe", z=54., a); a = 19.00*g/mole; G4Element* elF = new G4Element(name="Fluorine", symbol="F", z=9., a); // // define simple materials // density = 1.848*g/cm3; a = 9.01*g/mole; G4Material* Be = new G4Material(name="Beryllium", z=4., a, density); density = 1.390*g/cm3; a = 39.95*g/mole; G4Material* lAr = new G4Material(name="liquidArgon", z=18., a, density); density = 7.870*g/cm3; a = 55.85*g/mole; G4Material* Fe = new G4Material(name="Iron" , z=26., a, density); density = 8.960*g/cm3; a = 63.55*g/mole; G4Material* Cu = new G4Material(name="Copper" , z=29., a, density); density = 19.32*g/cm3; a =196.97*g/mole; G4Material* Au = new G4Material(name="Gold" , z=79., a, density); density = 11.35*g/cm3; a = 207.19*g/mole; G4Material* Pb = new G4Material(name="Lead" , z=82., a, density); // // define a material from elements. case 1: chemical molecule // density = 1.000*g/cm3; G4Material* H2O = new G4Material(name="Water", density, ncomponents=2); H2O->AddElement(elH, natoms=2); H2O->AddElement(elO, natoms=1); // Silicon as detector material density = 2.330*g/cm3; a = 28.09*g/mole; G4Material* Si = new G4Material(name="Silicon", z=14., a, density); ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Detector windows, electrodes // Al for electrodes density = 2.700*g/cm3; a = 26.98*g/mole; G4Material* Al = new G4Material(name="Aluminium", z=13., a, density); //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Materials for popular X-ray TR radiators // // TRT_CH2 density = 0.935*g/cm3; G4Material* TRT_CH2 = new G4Material(name="TRT_CH2",density, nel=2); TRT_CH2->AddElement(elC,1); TRT_CH2->AddElement(elH,2); // Radiator density = 0.059*g/cm3; G4Material* Radiator = new G4Material(name="Radiator",density, nel=2); Radiator->AddElement(elC,1); Radiator->AddElement(elH,2); // Carbon Fiber density = 0.145*g/cm3; G4Material* CarbonFiber = new G4Material(name="CarbonFiber",density, nel=1); CarbonFiber->AddElement(elC,1); // Lithium density = 0.534*g/cm3; G4Material* Li = new G4Material(name="Li",density, nel=1); Li->AddElement(elLi,1); // Beryllium density = 1.848*g/cm3; G4Material* Be = new G4Material(name="Be",density, nel=1); Be->AddElement(elBe,1); // Mylar density = 1.39*g/cm3; G4Material* Mylar = new G4Material(name="Mylar", density, nel=3); Mylar->AddElement(elO,2); Mylar->AddElement(elC,5); Mylar->AddElement(elH,4); // Kapton (polyimide) ??? since = Mylar C5H4O2 density = 1.39*g/cm3; G4Material* Kapton = new G4Material(name="Kapton", density, nel=3); Kapton->AddElement(elO,2); Kapton->AddElement(elC,5); Kapton->AddElement(elH,4); // Polypropelene G4Material* CH2 = new G4Material ("Polypropelene" , 0.91*g/cm3, 2); CH2->AddElement(elH,2); CH2->AddElement(elC,1); density = 1.290*mg/cm3; // old air from elements G4Material* air = new G4Material(name="air" , density, ncomponents=2); Air->AddElement(elN, fractionmass=0.7); Air->AddElement(elO, fractionmass=0.3); density = 1.25053*mg/cm3 ; // STP a = 14.01*g/mole ; // get atomic weight !!! // a = 28.016*g/mole; G4Material* N2 = new G4Material(name="Nitrogen", z= 7.,a,density) ; density = 1.25053*mg/cm3 ; // STP G4Material* anotherN2 = new G4Material(name="anotherN2", density,ncomponents=2); anotherN2->AddElement(elN, 1); anotherN2->AddElement(elN, 1); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Noble gases , STP conditions // Helium as detector gas, STP density = 0.178*mg/cm3 ; a = 4.0026*g/mole ; G4Material* He = new G4Material(name="He",z=2., a, density ); // Neon as detector gas, STP density = 0.900*mg/cm3 ; a = 20.179*g/mole ; G4Material* Ne = new G4Material(name="Ne",z=10., a, density ); // Argon as detector gas, STP density = 1.7836*mg/cm3 ; // STP G4Material* Argon = new G4Material(name="Argon" , density, ncomponents=1); Argon->AddElement(elAr, 1); // Krypton as detector gas, STP density = 3.700*mg/cm3 ; a = 83.80*g/mole ; G4Material* Kr = new G4Material(name="Kr",z=36., a, density ); // Xenon as detector gas, STP density = 5.858*mg/cm3 ; a = 131.29*g/mole ; G4Material* Xe = new G4Material(name="Xenon",z=54., a, density ); ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Hydrocarbones, metane and others // Metane, STP density = 0.7174*mg/cm3 ; G4Material* metane = new G4Material(name="CH4",density,nel=2) ; metane->AddElement(elC,1) ; metane->AddElement(elH,4) ; // Propane, STP density = 2.005*mg/cm3 ; G4Material* propane = new G4Material(name="C3H8",density,nel=2) ; propane->AddElement(elC,3) ; propane->AddElement(elH,8) ; // iso-Butane (methylpropane), STP density = 2.67*mg/cm3 ; G4Material* isobutane = new G4Material(name="isoC4H10",density,nel=2) ; isobutane->AddElement(elC,4) ; isobutane->AddElement(elH,10) ; /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Molecular gases // Carbon dioxide density = 1.977*mg/cm3; G4Material* CO2 = new G4Material(name="CO2", density, nel=2, kStateGas,273.15*kelvin,1.*atmosphere); CO2->AddElement(elC,1); CO2->AddElement(elO,2); // Carbon dioxide, STP density = 1.977*mg/cm3; G4Material* CarbonDioxide = new G4Material(name="CO2", density, nel=2); CarbonDioxide->AddElement(elC,1); CarbonDioxide->AddElement(elO,2); // Nitrogen, STP density = 1.25053*mg/cm3 ; // STP G4Material* Nitrogen = new G4Material(name="N2" , density, ncomponents=1); Nitrogen->AddElement(elN, 2); // Oxygen, STP density = 1.4289*mg/cm3 ; // STP G4Material* Oxygen = new G4Material(name="O2" , density, ncomponents=1); Oxygen->AddElement(elO, 2); // Dry air (average composition), STP density = 1.2928*mg/cm3 ; // STP G4Material* Air = new G4Material(name="Air" , density, ncomponents=3); Air->AddMaterial( Nitrogen, fractionmass = 0.7557 ) ; Air->AddMaterial( Oxygen, fractionmass = 0.2315 ) ; Air->AddMaterial( Argon, fractionmass = 0.0128 ) ; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // MWPC mixtures // 93% Ar + 7% CH4, STP density = 1.709*mg/cm3 ; G4Material* Ar7CH4 = new G4Material(name="Ar7CH4" , density, ncomponents=2); Ar7CH4->AddMaterial( Argon, fractionmass = 0.971 ) ; Ar7CH4->AddMaterial( metane, fractionmass = 0.029 ) ; // 93% Kr + 7% CH4, STP density = 3.491*mg/cm3 ; G4Material* Kr7CH4 = new G4Material(name="Kr7CH4" , density, ncomponents=2); Kr7CH4->AddMaterial( Kr, fractionmass = 0.986 ) ; Kr7CH4->AddMaterial( metane, fractionmass = 0.014 ) ; // ATLAS TRT gas mixture G4double TRT_Xe_density = 5.485*mg/cm3; G4Material* TRT_Xe = new G4Material(name="TRT_Xe", TRT_Xe_density, nel=1, kStateGas,293.15*kelvin,1.*atmosphere); TRT_Xe->AddElement(elXe,1); G4double TRT_CO2_density = 1.842*mg/cm3; G4Material* TRT_CO2 = new G4Material(name="TRT_CO2", TRT_CO2_density, nel=2, kStateGas,293.15*kelvin,1.*atmosphere); TRT_CO2->AddElement(elC,1); TRT_CO2->AddElement(elO,2); G4double TRT_CF4_density = 3.9*mg/cm3; G4Material* TRT_CF4 = new G4Material(name="TRT_CF4", TRT_CF4_density, nel=2, kStateGas,293.15*kelvin,1.*atmosphere); TRT_CF4->AddElement(elC,1); TRT_CF4->AddElement(elF,4); // ATLAS TRT straw tube gas mixture (20 C, 1 atm) G4double XeCO2CF4_density = 4.76*mg/cm3; G4Material* XeCO2CF4 = new G4Material(name="XeCO2CF4", XeCO2CF4_density, ncomponents=3, kStateGas,293.15*kelvin,1.*atmosphere); XeCO2CF4->AddMaterial(TRT_Xe,0.807); XeCO2CF4->AddMaterial(TRT_CO2,0.039); XeCO2CF4->AddMaterial(TRT_CF4,0.154); // 80% Ar + 20% CO2, STP density = 1.8223*mg/cm3 ; G4Material* Ar_80CO2_20 = new G4Material(name="ArCO2" , density, ncomponents=2); Ar_80CO2_20->AddMaterial( Argon, fractionmass = 0.783 ) ; Ar_80CO2_20->AddMaterial( CarbonDioxide, fractionmass = 0.217 ) ; // 80% Xe + 20% CO2, STP density = 5.0818*mg/cm3 ; G4Material* Xe20CO2 = new G4Material(name="Xe20CO2" , density, ncomponents=2); Xe20CO2->AddMaterial( Xe, fractionmass = 0.922 ) ; Xe20CO2->AddMaterial( CarbonDioxide, fractionmass = 0.078 ) ; // 80% Kr + 20% CO2, STP density = 3.601*mg/cm3 ; G4Material* Kr20CO2 = new G4Material(name="Kr20CO2", density, ncomponents=2); Kr20CO2->AddMaterial( Kr, fractionmass = 0.89 ) ; Kr20CO2->AddMaterial( CarbonDioxide, fractionmass = 0.11 ) ; // Xe + 55% He + 15% CH4 ; NIM A294 (1990) 465-472; STP density = 1.963*mg/cm3; G4Material* Xe55He15CH4 = new G4Material(name="Xe55He15CH4",density, ncomponents=3); Xe55He15CH4->AddMaterial(Xe, 0.895); Xe55He15CH4->AddMaterial(He, 0.050); Xe55He15CH4->AddMaterial(metane,0.055); // 90% Xe + 10% CH4, STP ; NIM A248 (1986) 379-388 density = 5.344*mg/cm3 ; G4Material* Xe10CH4 = new G4Material(name="Xe10CH4" , density, ncomponents=2); Xe10CH4->AddMaterial( Xe, fractionmass = 0.987 ) ; Xe10CH4->AddMaterial( metane, fractionmass = 0.013 ) ; #endif // // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////