Import Geant4 10.6.0 source tree

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+//
+// ********************************************************************
+// * License and Disclaimer                                           *
+// *                                                                  *
+// * The  Geant4 software  is  copyright of the Copyright Holders  of *
+// * the Geant4 Collaboration.  It is provided  under  the terms  and *
+// * conditions of the Geant4 Software License,  included in the file *
+// * LICENSE and available at  http://cern.ch/geant4/license .  These *
+// * include a list of copyright holders.                             *
+// *                                                                  *
+// * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing *
+// * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this *
+// * work  make  any representation or  warranty, express or implied, *
+// * regarding  this  software system or assume any liability for its *
+// * use.  Please see the license in the file  LICENSE  and URL above *
+// * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability.         *
+// *                                                                  *
+// * This  code  implementation is the result of  the  scientific and *
+// * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration.                      *
+// * By using,  copying,  modifying or  distributing the software (or *
+// * any work based  on the software)  you  agree  to acknowledge its *
+// * use  in  resulting  scientific  publications,  and indicate your *
+// * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license.          *
+// ********************************************************************
+//
+/*
+ * Interface to calculation of the Fermi density effect as per the method
+ * described in:
+ *
+ *   R. M. Sternheimer, M. J. Berger, and S. M. Seltzer. Density
+ *   effect for the ionization loss of charged particles in various sub-
+ *   stances. Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tabl., 30:261, 1984.
+ *
+ * Which (among other Sternheimer references) builds on:
+ *
+ *   R. M. Sternheimer. The density effect for ionization loss in
+ *   materials. Phys. Rev., 88:851859, 1952.
+ *
+ * The returned values of delta are directly from the Sternheimer calculation,
+ * and not Sternheimer's popular three-part approximate parameterization
+ * introduced in the same paper.
+ *
+ * Author: Matthew Strait <straitm@umn.edu> 2019
+ */
+
+#ifndef G4DensityEffectCalculator_HH
+#define G4DensityEffectCalculator_HH
+
+#include "globals.hh"
+
+class G4Material;
+
+class G4DensityEffectCalculator
+{
+public:
+
+  G4DensityEffectCalculator(const G4Material*, G4int);
+  ~G4DensityEffectCalculator();
+
+  // The Sternheimer 'x' defined as log10(p/m) == log10(beta*gamma).
+  G4double ComputeDensityCorrection(G4double x);
+
+private:
+
+  /*
+   * Given a material defined in 'par' with a plasma energy, mean excitation
+   * energy, and set of atomic energy levels ("oscillator frequencies") with
+   * occupation fractions ("oscillation strengths"), solve for the Sternheimer
+   * adjustment factor (Sternheimer 1984 eq 8) and record (into 'par') the values
+   * of the adjusted oscillator frequencies and Sternheimer constants l_i.
+   * After doing this, 'par' is ready for a calculation of delta for an
+   * arbitrary particle energy.  Returns true on success, false on failure.
+   */
+  G4double FermiDeltaCalculation(G4double x);
+
+  G4double Newton(G4double x0, G4bool first);
+
+  G4double DFRho(G4double);
+
+  G4double FRho(G4double);
+
+  G4double DEll(G4double);
+
+  G4double Ell(G4double);
+
+  G4double DeltaOnceSolved(G4double);
+
+  const G4Material* fMaterial;
+  G4int fVerbose;
+  G4int fWarnings;
+
+  // Number of energy levels.  If a single element, this is the number
+  // of subshells.  If several elements, this is the sum of the number
+  // of subshells.  In principle, could include levels for molecular
+  // orbitals or other non-atomic states.  The last level is always
+  // the conduction band.  If the material is an insulator, set the
+  // oscillator strength for that level to zero and the energy to
+  // any value.
+  const G4int nlev;
+
+  G4double fConductivity;
+  
+  // Current Sternheimer 'x' defined as log10(p/m) == log10(beta*gamma).
+  G4double sternx;
+
+  // The plasma energy of the material in eV, which is simply
+  // 28.816 sqrt(density Z/A), with density in g/cc.
+  G4double plasmaE;
+
+  // The mean excitation energy of the material in eV, i.e. the 'I' in the
+  // Bethe energy loss formula.
+  G4double meanexcite;
+
+  // Sternheimer's "oscillator strengths", which are simply the fraction
+  // of electrons in a given energy level.  For a single element, this is
+  // the fraction of electrons in a subshell.  For a compound or mixture,
+  // it is weighted by the number fraction of electrons contributed by
+  // each element, e.g. for water, oxygen's electrons are given 8/10 of the
+  // weight.
+  G4double * sternf;
+
+  // Energy levels.  Can be found for free atoms in, e.g., T. A. Carlson.
+  // Photoelectron and Auger Spectroscopy. Plenum Press, New York and London,
+  // 1985. Available in a convenient form in G4AtomicShells.cc.
+  //
+  // Sternheimer 1984 implies that the energy level for conduction electrons
+  // (the final element of this array) should be set to zero, although the
+  // computation could be run with other values.
+  G4double * levE;
+
+  /***** Results of intermediate calculations *****/
+
+  // The Sternheimer parameters l_i which appear in Sternheimer 1984 eq(1).
+  G4double * sternl;
+
+  // The adjusted energy levels, as found using Sternheimer 1984 eq(8).
+  G4double * sternEbar;
+};
+
+#endif