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('Why resampling methods', 2, None, '___sec2'),
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('Resampling approaches can be computationally expensive',
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week36-bs001.html#___sec0" style="font-size: 80%;">Plans for week 36</a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week36-bs010.html#___sec9" style="font-size: 80%;">Expectation value and variance</a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week36-bs022.html#___sec21" style="font-size: 80%;">Various steps in cross-validation</a></li>
<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week36-bs023.html#___sec22" style="font-size: 80%;">How to set up the cross-validation for Ridge and/or Lasso</a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week36-bs025.html#___sec24" style="font-size: 80%;">Code Example for Cross-validation and \( k \)-fold Cross-validation</a></li>
<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week36-bs026.html#___sec25" style="font-size: 80%;">The bias-variance tradeoff</a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week36-bs031.html#___sec30" style="font-size: 80%;">More examples on bootstrap and cross-validation and errors</a></li>
<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="#___sec31" style="font-size: 80%;">The same example but now with cross-validation</a></li>
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<h2 id="___sec31" class="anchor">The same example but now with cross-validation </h2>
<p>
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<div class="highlight" style="background: #f8f8f8"><pre style="line-height: 125%"><span></span><span style="color: #408080; font-style: italic"># Common imports</span>
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">import</span> <span style="color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold">os</span>
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">import</span> <span style="color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold">numpy</span> <span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">as</span> <span style="color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold">np</span>
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">import</span> <span style="color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold">pandas</span> <span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">as</span> <span style="color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold">pd</span>
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">import</span> <span style="color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">as</span> <span style="color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold">plt</span>
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">from</span> <span style="color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold">sklearn.linear_model</span> <span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">import</span> LinearRegression, Ridge, Lasso
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">from</span> <span style="color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold">sklearn.metrics</span> <span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">import</span> mean_squared_error
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">from</span> <span style="color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold">sklearn.model_selection</span> <span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">import</span> KFold
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">from</span> <span style="color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold">sklearn.model_selection</span> <span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">import</span> cross_val_score
<span style="color: #408080; font-style: italic"># Where to save the figures and data files</span>
PROJECT_ROOT_DIR <span style="color: #666666">=</span> <span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;Results&quot;</span>
FIGURE_ID <span style="color: #666666">=</span> <span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;Results/FigureFiles&quot;</span>
DATA_ID <span style="color: #666666">=</span> <span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;DataFiles/&quot;</span>
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">if</span> <span style="color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold">not</span> os<span style="color: #666666">.</span>path<span style="color: #666666">.</span>exists(PROJECT_ROOT_DIR):
os<span style="color: #666666">.</span>mkdir(PROJECT_ROOT_DIR)
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">if</span> <span style="color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold">not</span> os<span style="color: #666666">.</span>path<span style="color: #666666">.</span>exists(FIGURE_ID):
os<span style="color: #666666">.</span>makedirs(FIGURE_ID)
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">if</span> <span style="color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold">not</span> os<span style="color: #666666">.</span>path<span style="color: #666666">.</span>exists(DATA_ID):
os<span style="color: #666666">.</span>makedirs(DATA_ID)
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">def</span> <span style="color: #0000FF">image_path</span>(fig_id):
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">return</span> os<span style="color: #666666">.</span>path<span style="color: #666666">.</span>join(FIGURE_ID, fig_id)
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">def</span> <span style="color: #0000FF">data_path</span>(dat_id):
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">return</span> os<span style="color: #666666">.</span>path<span style="color: #666666">.</span>join(DATA_ID, dat_id)
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">def</span> <span style="color: #0000FF">save_fig</span>(fig_id):
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>savefig(image_path(fig_id) <span style="color: #666666">+</span> <span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;.png&quot;</span>, format<span style="color: #666666">=</span><span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;png&#39;</span>)
infile <span style="color: #666666">=</span> <span style="color: #008000">open</span>(data_path(<span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;EoS.csv&quot;</span>),<span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;r&#39;</span>)
<span style="color: #408080; font-style: italic"># Read the EoS data as csv file and organize the data into two arrays with density and energies</span>
EoS <span style="color: #666666">=</span> pd<span style="color: #666666">.</span>read_csv(infile, names<span style="color: #666666">=</span>(<span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;Density&#39;</span>, <span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;Energy&#39;</span>))
EoS[<span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;Energy&#39;</span>] <span style="color: #666666">=</span> pd<span style="color: #666666">.</span>to_numeric(EoS[<span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;Energy&#39;</span>], errors<span style="color: #666666">=</span><span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;coerce&#39;</span>)
EoS <span style="color: #666666">=</span> EoS<span style="color: #666666">.</span>dropna()
Energies <span style="color: #666666">=</span> EoS[<span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;Energy&#39;</span>]
Density <span style="color: #666666">=</span> EoS[<span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;Density&#39;</span>]
<span style="color: #408080; font-style: italic"># The design matrix now as function of various polytrops</span>
Maxpolydegree <span style="color: #666666">=</span> <span style="color: #666666">30</span>
X <span style="color: #666666">=</span> np<span style="color: #666666">.</span>zeros((<span style="color: #008000">len</span>(Density),Maxpolydegree))
X[:,<span style="color: #666666">0</span>] <span style="color: #666666">=</span> <span style="color: #666666">1.0</span>
estimated_mse_sklearn <span style="color: #666666">=</span> np<span style="color: #666666">.</span>zeros(Maxpolydegree)
polynomial <span style="color: #666666">=</span> np<span style="color: #666666">.</span>zeros(Maxpolydegree)
k <span style="color: #666666">=5</span>
kfold <span style="color: #666666">=</span> KFold(n_splits <span style="color: #666666">=</span> k)
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">for</span> polydegree <span style="color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold">in</span> <span style="color: #008000">range</span>(<span style="color: #666666">1</span>, Maxpolydegree):
polynomial[polydegree] <span style="color: #666666">=</span> polydegree
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">for</span> degree <span style="color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold">in</span> <span style="color: #008000">range</span>(polydegree):
X[:,degree] <span style="color: #666666">=</span> Density<span style="color: #666666">**</span>(degree<span style="color: #666666">/3.0</span>)
OLS <span style="color: #666666">=</span> LinearRegression()
<span style="color: #408080; font-style: italic"># loop over trials in order to estimate the expectation value of the MSE</span>
estimated_mse_folds <span style="color: #666666">=</span> cross_val_score(OLS, X, Energies, scoring<span style="color: #666666">=</span><span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;neg_mean_squared_error&#39;</span>, cv<span style="color: #666666">=</span>kfold)
<span style="color: #408080; font-style: italic">#[:, np.newaxis]</span>
estimated_mse_sklearn[polydegree] <span style="color: #666666">=</span> np<span style="color: #666666">.</span>mean(<span style="color: #666666">-</span>estimated_mse_folds)
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>plot(polynomial, np<span style="color: #666666">.</span>log10(estimated_mse_sklearn), label<span style="color: #666666">=</span><span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;Test Error&#39;</span>)
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>xlabel(<span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;Polynomial degree&#39;</span>)
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>ylabel(<span style="color: #BA2121">&#39;log10[MSE]&#39;</span>)
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>legend()
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>show()
</pre></div>
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