mhjensen
273 lines
14 KiB
HTML
273 lines
14 KiB
HTML
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'sections': [('Overview of first week', 2, None, '___sec0'),
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('Meet the Pandas', 2, None, '___sec27'),
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('Reading Data and fitting', 2, None, '___sec29'),
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<a class="navbar-brand" href="week34-bs.html">Week 34: Introduction to the course, Logistics and Practicalities</a>
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<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Contents <b class="caret"></b></a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu">
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs001.html#___sec0" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Overview of first week</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs002.html#___sec1" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Thursday August 20</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs003.html#___sec2" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Lectures and ComputerLab</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs004.html#___sec3" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Course Format</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs005.html#___sec4" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Teachers</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs006.html#___sec5" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Deadlines for projects (tentative)</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs007.html#___sec6" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Recommended textbooks</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs008.html#___sec7" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Prerequisites</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs009.html#___sec8" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Learning outcomes</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs010.html#___sec9" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Topics covered in this course: Statistical analysis and optimization of data</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs011.html#___sec10" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Topics covered in this course: Machine Learning</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs012.html#___sec11" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Extremely useful tools, strongly recommended</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs013.html#___sec12" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Other courses on Data science and Machine Learning at UiO</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs014.html#___sec13" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Introduction</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs015.html#___sec14" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>What is Machine Learning?</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs016.html#___sec15" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Types of Machine Learning</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs017.html#___sec16" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Software and needed installations</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs018.html#___sec17" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Python installers</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs019.html#___sec18" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Useful Python libraries</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs020.html#___sec19" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Installing R, C++, cython or Julia</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs021.html#___sec20" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Installing R, C++, cython, Numba etc</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs022.html#___sec21" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Numpy examples and Important Matrix and vector handling packages</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs023.html#___sec22" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Basic Matrix Features</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs024.html#___sec23" style="font-size: 80%;"> Some famous Matrices</a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs025.html#___sec24" style="font-size: 80%;"> More Basic Matrix Features</a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs026.html#___sec25" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Numpy and arrays</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs027.html#___sec26" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Matrices in Python</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs028.html#___sec27" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Meet the Pandas</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs029.html#___sec28" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Friday August 21</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="#___sec29" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Reading Data and fitting</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs031.html#___sec30" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Friday August 21</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs032.html#___sec31" style="font-size: 80%;"> Simple linear regression model using <b>scikit-learn</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs032.html#___sec32" style="font-size: 80%;"> To our real data: nuclear binding energies. Brief reminder on masses and binding energies</a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs032.html#___sec33" style="font-size: 80%;"> Organizing our data</a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs032.html#___sec34" style="font-size: 80%;"> Seeing the wood for the trees</a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs032.html#___sec35" style="font-size: 80%;"> And what about using neural networks?</a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._week34-bs032.html#___sec36" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>A first summary</b></a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="container">
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<p> </p><p> </p><p> </p> <!-- add vertical space -->
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<a name="part0030"></a>
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<!-- !split -->
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<h2 id="___sec29" class="anchor">Reading Data and fitting </h2>
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<p>
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In order to study various Machine Learning algorithms, we need to
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access data. Acccessing data is an essential step in all machine
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learning algorithms. In particular, setting up the so-called <b>design
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matrix</b> (to be defined below) is often the first element we need in
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order to perform our calculations. To set up the design matrix means
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reading (and later, when the calculations are done, writing) data
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in various formats, The formats span from reading files from disk,
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loading data from databases and interacting with online sources
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like web application programming interfaces (APIs).
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<p>
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In handling various input formats, as discussed above, we will mainly stay with <b>pandas</b>,
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a Python package which allows us, in a seamless and painless way, to
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deal with a multitude of formats, from standard <b>csv</b> (comma separated
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values) files, via <b>excel</b>, <b>html</b> to <b>hdf5</b> formats. With <b>pandas</b>
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and the <b>DataFrame</b> and <b>Series</b> functionalities we are able to convert text data
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into the calculational formats we need for a specific algorithm. And our code is going to be
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pretty close the basic mathematical expressions.
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<p>
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Our first data set is going to be a classic from nuclear physics, namely all
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available data on binding energies. Don't be intimidated if you are not familiar with nuclear physics. It serves simply as an example here of a data set.
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<p>
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We will show some of the
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strengths of packages like <b>Scikit-Learn</b> in fitting nuclear binding energies to
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specific functions using linear regression first. Then, as a teaser, we will show you how
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you can easily implement other algorithms like decision trees and random forests and neural networks.
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<p>
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But before we really start with nuclear physics data, let's just look at some simpler polynomial fitting cases, such as,
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(don't be offended) fitting straight lines!
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<p>
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<p>
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