FYS-STK4155/doc/LectureNotes/_build/html/reports/chapter11.err.log

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/mhjensen/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/jupyter_cache/executors/utils.py", line 58, in single_nb_execution
    executenb(
  File "/Users/mhjensen/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/nbclient/client.py", line 1305, in execute
    return NotebookClient(nb=nb, resources=resources, km=km, **kwargs).execute()
  File "/Users/mhjensen/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/jupyter_core/utils/__init__.py", line 166, in wrapped
    return loop.run_until_complete(inner)
  File "/Users/mhjensen/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/asyncio/base_events.py", line 647, in run_until_complete
    return future.result()
  File "/Users/mhjensen/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/nbclient/client.py", line 705, in async_execute
    await self.async_execute_cell(
  File "/Users/mhjensen/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/nbclient/client.py", line 1058, in async_execute_cell
    await self._check_raise_for_error(cell, cell_index, exec_reply)
  File "/Users/mhjensen/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/nbclient/client.py", line 914, in _check_raise_for_error
    raise CellExecutionError.from_cell_and_msg(cell, exec_reply_content)
nbclient.exceptions.CellExecutionError: An error occurred while executing the following cell:
------------------
%matplotlib inline

import autograd.numpy as np
from autograd import grad, elementwise_grad
import autograd.numpy.random as npr
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

def sigmoid(z):
    return 1/(1 + np.exp(-z))

# Assuming one input, hidden, and output layer
def neural_network(params, x):

    # Find the weights (including and biases) for the hidden and output layer.
    # Assume that params is a list of parameters for each layer.
    # The biases are the first element for each array in params,
    # and the weights are the remaning elements in each array in params.

    w_hidden = params[0]
    w_output = params[1]

    # Assumes input x being an one-dimensional array
    num_values = np.size(x)
    x = x.reshape(-1, num_values)

    # Assume that the input layer does nothing to the input x
    x_input = x

    ## Hidden layer:

    # Add a row of ones to include bias
    x_input = np.concatenate((np.ones((1,num_values)), x_input ), axis = 0)

    z_hidden = np.matmul(w_hidden, x_input)
    x_hidden = sigmoid(z_hidden)

    ## Output layer:

    # Include bias:
    x_hidden = np.concatenate((np.ones((1,num_values)), x_hidden ), axis = 0)

    z_output = np.matmul(w_output, x_hidden)
    x_output = z_output

    return x_output

# The trial solution using the deep neural network:
def g_trial(x,params, g0 = 10):
    return g0 + x*neural_network(params,x)

# The right side of the ODE:
def g(x, g_trial, gamma = 2):
    return -gamma*g_trial

# The cost function:
def cost_function(P, x):

    # Evaluate the trial function with the current parameters P
    g_t = g_trial(x,P)

    # Find the derivative w.r.t x of the neural network
    d_net_out = elementwise_grad(neural_network,1)(P,x)

    # Find the derivative w.r.t x of the trial function
    d_g_t = elementwise_grad(g_trial,0)(x,P)

    # The right side of the ODE
    func = g(x, g_t)

    err_sqr = (d_g_t - func)**2
    cost_sum = np.sum(err_sqr)

    return cost_sum / np.size(err_sqr)

# Solve the exponential decay ODE using neural network with one input, hidden, and output layer
def solve_ode_neural_network(x, num_neurons_hidden, num_iter, lmb):
    ## Set up initial weights and biases

    # For the hidden layer
    p0 = npr.randn(num_neurons_hidden, 2 )

    # For the output layer
    p1 = npr.randn(1, num_neurons_hidden + 1 ) # +1 since bias is included

    P = [p0, p1]

    print('Initial cost: %g'%cost_function(P, x))

    ## Start finding the optimal weights using gradient descent

    # Find the Python function that represents the gradient of the cost function
    # w.r.t the 0-th input argument -- that is the weights and biases in the hidden and output layer
    cost_function_grad = grad(cost_function,0)

    # Let the update be done num_iter times
    for i in range(num_iter):
        # Evaluate the gradient at the current weights and biases in P.
        # The cost_grad consist now of two arrays;
        # one for the gradient w.r.t P_hidden and
        # one for the gradient w.r.t P_output
        cost_grad =  cost_function_grad(P, x)

        P[0] = P[0] - lmb * cost_grad[0]
        P[1] = P[1] - lmb * cost_grad[1]

    print('Final cost: %g'%cost_function(P, x))

    return P

def g_analytic(x, gamma = 2, g0 = 10):
    return g0*np.exp(-gamma*x)

# Solve the given problem
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Set seed such that the weight are initialized
    # with same weights and biases for every run.
    npr.seed(15)

    ## Decide the vales of arguments to the function to solve
    N = 10
    x = np.linspace(0, 1, N)

    ## Set up the initial parameters
    num_hidden_neurons = 10
    num_iter = 10000
    lmb = 0.001

    # Use the network
    P = solve_ode_neural_network(x, num_hidden_neurons, num_iter, lmb)

    # Print the deviation from the trial solution and true solution
    res = g_trial(x,P)
    res_analytical = g_analytic(x)

    print('Max absolute difference: %g'%np.max(np.abs(res - res_analytical)))

    # Plot the results
    plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))

    plt.title('Performance of neural network solving an ODE compared to the analytical solution')
    plt.plot(x, res_analytical)
    plt.plot(x, res[0,:])
    plt.legend(['analytical','nn'])
    plt.xlabel('x')
    plt.ylabel('g(x)')
    plt.show()
------------------


---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError                       Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[1], line 1
----> 1 get_ipython().run_line_magic('matplotlib', 'inline')
      3 import autograd.numpy as np
      4 from autograd import grad, elementwise_grad

File ~/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py:2432, in InteractiveShell.run_line_magic(self, magic_name, line, _stack_depth)
   2430     kwargs['local_ns'] = self.get_local_scope(stack_depth)
   2431 with self.builtin_trap:
-> 2432     result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
   2434 # The code below prevents the output from being displayed
   2435 # when using magics with decorator @output_can_be_silenced
   2436 # when the last Python token in the expression is a ';'.
   2437 if getattr(fn, magic.MAGIC_OUTPUT_CAN_BE_SILENCED, False):

File ~/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/IPython/core/magics/pylab.py:99, in PylabMagics.matplotlib(self, line)
     97     print("Available matplotlib backends: %s" % backends_list)
     98 else:
---> 99     gui, backend = self.shell.enable_matplotlib(args.gui.lower() if isinstance(args.gui, str) else args.gui)
    100     self._show_matplotlib_backend(args.gui, backend)

File ~/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py:3606, in InteractiveShell.enable_matplotlib(self, gui)
   3585 def enable_matplotlib(self, gui=None):
   3586     """Enable interactive matplotlib and inline figure support.
   3587 
   3588     This takes the following steps:
   (...)
   3604         display figures inline.
   3605     """
-> 3606     from matplotlib_inline.backend_inline import configure_inline_support
   3608     from IPython.core import pylabtools as pt
   3609     gui, backend = pt.find_gui_and_backend(gui, self.pylab_gui_select)

File ~/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib_inline/__init__.py:1
----> 1 from . import backend_inline, config  # noqa
      2 __version__ = "0.1.6"  # noqa

File ~/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib_inline/backend_inline.py:6
      1 """A matplotlib backend for publishing figures via display_data"""
      3 # Copyright (c) IPython Development Team.
      4 # Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License.
----> 6 import matplotlib
      7 from matplotlib import colors
      8 from matplotlib.backends import backend_agg

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'matplotlib'