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<h2 id="finding-the-optimal-value-of-lambda" class="anchor">Finding the optimal value of \( \lambda \) </h2>
<p>
To determine which value of \( \lambda \) is best we plot the accuracy of
the models when predicting the training and the testing set. We expect
the accuracy of the training set to be quite good, but if the accuracy
of the testing set is much lower this tells us that we might be
subject to an overfit model. The ideal scenario is an accuracy on the
testing set that is close to the accuracy of the training set.
<p>
<!-- code=python (!bc pycod) typeset with pygments style "default" -->
<div class="highlight" style="background: #f8f8f8"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span>fig <span style="color: #666666">=</span> plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>figure(figsize<span style="color: #666666">=</span>(<span style="color: #666666">20</span>, <span style="color: #666666">14</span>))
colors <span style="color: #666666">=</span> {
<span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;ols_sk&quot;</span>: <span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;r&quot;</span>,
<span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;ridge_sk&quot;</span>: <span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;y&quot;</span>,
<span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;lasso_sk&quot;</span>: <span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;c&quot;</span>
}
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">for</span> key <span style="color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold">in</span> train_errors:
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>semilogx(
lambdas,
train_errors[key],
colors[key],
label<span style="color: #666666">=</span><span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;Train </span><span style="color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold">{0}</span><span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;</span><span style="color: #666666">.</span>format(key),
linewidth<span style="color: #666666">=4.0</span>
)
<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">for</span> key <span style="color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold">in</span> test_errors:
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>semilogx(
lambdas,
test_errors[key],
colors[key] <span style="color: #666666">+</span> <span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;--&quot;</span>,
label<span style="color: #666666">=</span><span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;Test </span><span style="color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold">{0}</span><span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;</span><span style="color: #666666">.</span>format(key),
linewidth<span style="color: #666666">=4.0</span>
)
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>legend(loc<span style="color: #666666">=</span><span style="color: #BA2121">&quot;best&quot;</span>, fontsize<span style="color: #666666">=18</span>)
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>xlabel(<span style="color: #BA2121">r&quot;$\lambda$&quot;</span>, fontsize<span style="color: #666666">=18</span>)
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>ylabel(<span style="color: #BA2121">r&quot;$R^2$&quot;</span>, fontsize<span style="color: #666666">=18</span>)
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>tick_params(labelsize<span style="color: #666666">=18</span>)
plt<span style="color: #666666">.</span>show()
</pre></div>
<p>
From the above figure we can see that LASSO with \( \lambda = 10^{-2} \)
achieves a very good accuracy on the test set. This by far surpasses the
other models for all values of \( \lambda \).
<p>
<p>
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