updated typos
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@@ -110,20 +110,19 @@ Automatically generated HTML file from DocOnce source
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('Improving performance', 2, None, '___sec44'),
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('Full object-oriented implementation', 2, None, '___sec45'),
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('Evaluate model performance on test data', 2, None, '___sec46'),
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('Adjust hyperparameters (if necessary, network architecture',
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2,
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None,
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'___sec47'),
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('scikit-learn implementation', 2, None, '___sec48'),
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('Adjust hyperparameters', 2, None, '___sec47'),
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('Visualization', 2, None, '___sec48'),
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('scikit-learn implementation', 2, None, '___sec49'),
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('Visualization', 2, None, '___sec50'),
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('Building neural networks in Tensorflow and Keras',
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2,
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None,
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'___sec49'),
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('Tensorflow', 2, None, '___sec50'),
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('Collect and pre-process data', 2, None, '___sec51'),
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('Using TensorFlow backend', 2, None, '___sec52'),
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('Optimizing and using gradient descent', 2, None, '___sec53'),
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('Using Keras', 2, None, '___sec54')]}
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'___sec51'),
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('Tensorflow', 2, None, '___sec52'),
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('Collect and pre-process data', 2, None, '___sec53'),
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('Using TensorFlow backend', 2, None, '___sec54'),
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('Optimizing and using gradient descent', 2, None, '___sec55'),
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('Using Keras', 2, None, '___sec56')]}
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end of tocinfo -->
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<body>
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@@ -208,14 +207,16 @@ MathJax.Hub.Config({
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs045.html#___sec44" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Improving performance</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs046.html#___sec45" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Full object-oriented implementation</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs047.html#___sec46" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Evaluate model performance on test data</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs048.html#___sec47" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Adjust hyperparameters (if necessary, network architecture</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs049.html#___sec48" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>scikit-learn implementation</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs050.html#___sec49" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Building neural networks in Tensorflow and Keras</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs051.html#___sec50" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Tensorflow</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs052.html#___sec51" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Collect and pre-process data</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs053.html#___sec52" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Using TensorFlow backend</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs054.html#___sec53" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Optimizing and using gradient descent</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs055.html#___sec54" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Using Keras</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs048.html#___sec47" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Adjust hyperparameters</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs049.html#___sec48" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Visualization</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs050.html#___sec49" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>scikit-learn implementation</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs051.html#___sec50" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Visualization</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs052.html#___sec51" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Building neural networks in Tensorflow and Keras</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs053.html#___sec52" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Tensorflow</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs054.html#___sec53" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Collect and pre-process data</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs055.html#___sec54" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Using TensorFlow backend</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs056.html#___sec55" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Optimizing and using gradient descent</b></a></li>
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<!-- navigation toc: --> <li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs057.html#___sec56" style="font-size: 80%;"><b>Using Keras</b></a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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@@ -246,28 +247,28 @@ and obtain a matrix that holds the weighted sum of inputs to the hidden layer
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for each input image and each hidden neuron.
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We also add the bias to obtain a matrix of weighted sums to the hidden layer \( Z^{h} \):
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$$ Z^{h} = X W^{h} + B^{h} ,$$
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$$ \hat{z}^{l} = \hat{X} \hat{W}^{l} + \hat{b}^{l} ,$$
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<p>
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meaning the same bias (1D array with size equal number of hidden neurons) is added to each input image.
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This is then passed through the activation:
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$$ A^{h} = f(Z^h) .$$
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$$ \hat{a}^{l} = f(\hat{z}^l) .$$
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<p>
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This is fed to the output layer:
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$$ Z^{o} = A^{h} W^{o} + B^{o} .$$
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$$ \hat{z}^{L} = \hat{a}^{L} \hat{W}^{L} + \hat{b}^{L} .$$
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<p>
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Finally we receive our output values for each image and each category by passing it through the softmax function:
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$$ output = softmax (Z^{o}) = (n_{inputs}, n_{categories}) .$$
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$$ output = softmax (\hat{z}^{L}) = (n_{inputs}, n_{categories}) .$$
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<p>
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<!-- code=python (!bc pycod) typeset with pygments style "default" -->
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<div class="highlight" style="background: #f8f8f8"><pre style="line-height: 125%"><span></span><span style="color: #408080; font-style: italic"># setup the feed-forward pass</span>
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<div class="highlight" style="background: #f8f8f8"><pre style="line-height: 125%"><span></span><span style="color: #408080; font-style: italic"># setup the feed-forward pass, subscript h = hidden layer</span>
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<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">def</span> <span style="color: #0000FF">sigmoid</span>(x):
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<span style="color: #008000; font-weight: bold">return</span> <span style="color: #666666">1/</span>(<span style="color: #666666">1</span> <span style="color: #666666">+</span> np<span style="color: #666666">.</span>exp(<span style="color: #666666">-</span>x))
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@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ predictions <span style="color: #666666">=</span> predict(X_train)
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<li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs048.html">49</a></li>
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<li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs049.html">50</a></li>
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<li><a href="">...</a></li>
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<li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs055.html">56</a></li>
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<li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs057.html">58</a></li>
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<li><a href="._NeuralNet-bs041.html">»</a></li>
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</ul>
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<!-- ------------------- end of main content --------------- -->
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